[Haskell-cafe] Software correctness in the auto industry and FPLs
Vasili I. Galchin
vigalchin at gmail.com
Fri Apr 2 16:28:34 EDT 2010
Sorry for no "Subject" on the first post. In any case, I meant this
Wall Street Journal as a challenge to the Haskell community to perhaps
"step up to the plate" in the auto arena vis-a-vis software
correctness. I realize that with hard real-time problems and a garbage
collector that that could be a problem. In any case , enjoy.
Vasili
On Fri, Apr 2, 2010 at 5:55 AM, Vasili I. Galchin <vigalchin at gmail.com> wrote:
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> * MARCH 31, 2010
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> Now, Even NASA Is Involved in Toyota Crisis
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> more in Auto Industry News »
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> By BEN WORTHEN
>
> U.S. regulators on Tuesday announced a broad investigation into
> automotive computer systems and software, which have come under
> scrutiny because of sudden acceleration and other reports involving
> some Toyota Motor Corp. cars.
>
> An examination of Toyota's problems will be conducted by experts from
> the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, while the National
> Academy of Sciences, which advises the government, will undertake a
> separate, 15-month study into the use of computer technology in cars,
> U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said.
>
> Toyota has said there is no evidence that software or electronic
> systems are responsible for sudden acceleration in its cars. The
> company "repeatedly and rigorously" tests its software and has
> subjected it to outside review, a spokesman said.
>
> Electronics have led to some of the biggest safety breakthroughs in
> vehicles, such as antilock brakes and stability control. Software
> controls an ever-growing variety of functions in cars, including
> braking and accelerating. Increasingly, cars include software that
> links these systems to do things like parallel park the vehicle or
> remember the seat positions, temperatures and radio stations preferred
> by different drivers.
>
> "Ninety percent of all innovation in cars today is driven by
> software," said Ingolf Krueger, an associate professor of computer
> science and engineering at the University of California in San Diego.
>
> No surprise then that software is sometimes to blame when things go
> wrong. While Toyota has received most of the attention, other car
> makers have had software-related incidents.
>
> Ford Motor Co.'s 2010 Fusion Hybrid has a high-tech braking system
> that also recharges its battery through a process called regenerative
> braking. Software monitors sensors in the car and determines when to
> engage the conventional braking system instead. Several drivers filed
> complaints with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
> the agency responsible for vehicle safety, stating that they depressed
> the brake pedal as far as possible but the brakes didn't engage.
>
> A Ford spokesman said a sensor on the car was set too sensitively and
> that software interpreted the signal to mean it should skip the
> regenerative braking step. The company issued a software upgrade that
> it said would take care of the issue, avoiding a recall.
>
> In November 2008, General Motors Co. recalled 12,662 of its 2009 model
> year Cadillac CTS sedans because a software glitch caused the
> passenger-side air bag to be turned off when it should have been
> active.
>
> That same year, Volkswagen AG recalled 4,079 2008 Passats because of
> software that didn't properly control the engine idle while the air
> conditioning was on. And Toyota in February recalled 2010 Priuses to
> fix the software in their antilock brakes that some owners said led to
> delays in the brakes engaging.
>
> To date, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has
> evaluated software and electronic systems only as part of other
> reviews, such as whether an air bag deploys when it is supposed to, a
> spokeswoman said. The agency doesn't have any software or electronics
> specialists on staff, she added.
>
> Auto software has some distinct characteristics. For one thing, the
> programs are relatively simple and are designed to be embedded in
> simple components—typically eight-bit and 16-bit computer chips,
> compared with more advanced 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors found in
> most personal computers.
>
> The simplicity is intended to make the software more reliable—the
> fewer things it is asked to do, the less likely it is to experience a
> problem.
>
> Indeed, Mr. Krueger said automotive software has led to some of the
> biggest jumps in safety and fuel efficiency. Electronic
> stability-control systems, which detect when a car is skidding and
> automatically deploy the brakes, have reduced the number of vehicles
> that flip over, he said.
>
> In an effort to improve the quality of software in vehicles several
> car makers in 2003 founded the Automotive Open System Architecture
> group to create standards. These systems have become enormously
> complex, said Simon Fuerst, a spokesman for the group, all the more so
> because car makers traditionally use their own proprietary software
> formats.
>
> Raj Rajkumar, professor of electrical and computer engineering at
> Carnegie Mellon University, has recently been studying the software in
> a Lexus IS250, a car made by Toyota, that experienced sudden
> acceleration. His hypothesis is that a software glitch caused the
> vehicle's fail-safe mode—which typically shuts off or reduces engine
> power in the event of a system failure—to not to kick in when it
> should.
>
> But he said he isn't certain and his study is made more difficult by
> the fact he doesn't have access to the software code used in the car.
>
> Mr. LaHood on Tuesday said that many members of Congress feel "there's
> something wrong with the electronics, not only just in Toyotas but in
> other automobiles, too. We felt that we really needed to look into
> this."
> —Josh Mitchell contributed
> to this article.Printed in The Wall Street Journal, page B1
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