[Haskell-cafe] Functions that return functions
michael rice
nowgate at yahoo.com
Mon Apr 13 12:23:24 EDT 2009
All I meant was a small change:
> makeVerifier :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> Int -> (Int -> Bool)
> makeVerifier f m = divides m . foldl (+) 0 . zipWith f [1 .. ] . digits
which make some things simpler:
> let checkIsbn = makeVerifier (*) 11 <== I liked this syntax better too, and it's what I had
originally.
BTW, here's a sneaky way do define digits:
> digits :: Int -> [Int]
> digits = map digitToInt . show <== I haven't gotten to "show" yet. When needed? When not?
So then you'd have:
> makeVerifier :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> Int -> Int -> Bool
> makeVerifier f m = (== 0) . (`mod` m) . sum . zipWith f [1 .. ] . map digitToInt . show
Which looks pretty nice, I think.
-- Lennart
========
Very good. I've yet to replace the 'foldl' with 'sum', but will. Eliminating the 'divides' function is also a nice touch. With Haskell it seems there's always a way to make one's code ever briefer, and using built-ins is probably much faster than anything I'd cook up, but it takes time to learn these short-cuts.
Thanks for your comments.
Michael
--- On Mon, 4/13/09, Lennart Augustsson <lennart at augustsson.net> wrote:
From: Lennart Augustsson <lennart at augustsson.net>
Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] Functions that return functions
To: "michael rice" <nowgate at yahoo.com>
Cc: haskell-cafe at haskell.org
Date: Monday, April 13, 2009, 10:33 AM
All I meant was a small change:
> makeVerifier :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> Int -> (Int -> Bool)
> makeVerifier f m = divides m . foldl (+) 0 . zipWith f [1 .. ] . digits
which make some things simpler:
> let checkIsbn = makeVerifier (*) 11
BTW, here's a sneaky way do define digits:
> digits :: Int -> [Int]
> digits = map digitToInt . show
So then you'd have:
> makeVerifier :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> Int -> Int -> Bool
> makeVerifier f m = (== 0) . (`mod` m) . sum . zipWith f [1 .. ] . map digitToInt . show
Which looks pretty nice, I think.
-- Lennart
On Mon, Apr 13, 2009 at 1:09 AM, michael rice <nowgate at yahoo.com> wrote:
> Example please.
>
> Michael
>
> --- On Sun, 4/12/09, Lennart Augustsson <lennart at augustsson.net> wrote:
>
> From: Lennart Augustsson <lennart at augustsson.net>
> Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] Functions that return functions
> To: "michael rice" <nowgate at yahoo.com>
> Cc: haskell-cafe at haskell.org, "Daniel Fischer" <daniel.is.fischer at web.de>
> Date: Sunday, April 12, 2009, 6:59 PM
>
> You should use an curried function as f instead of a uncurried one.
> Uncurried functions are rarely used in Haskell.
>
> -- Lennart
>
> On Sun, Apr 12, 2009 at 10:09 PM, michael rice <nowgate at yahoo.com> wrote:
>> Thanks, guys!
>>
>> Boy, this bunch of complemented partially applied functions gives a whole
>> new meaning to the term "thinking ahead." And the whole shebang is waiting
>> on that input integer to set everything in motion. Pretty clever.
>>
>>
>> To generalize, I changed the function to:
>>
>> makeVerifier :: ((Int,Int) -> Int) -> Int -> (Int -> Bool)
>> makeVerifier f m = divides m . foldl (+) 0 . map f . zip [1 .. ] . digits
>>
>> so, in Haskell
>>
>> let checkIsbn = makeVerifier (\ (i,d) -> i * d) 11
>>
>> let checkUpc = makeVerifier (\ (i,d) -> if odd i then d else 3*d) 10
>>
>> let checkCc = makeVerifier (\ (i,d) -> if odd i then d else if d < 5 then
>> 2*d else 2*d+1) 10
>>
>> let checkUsps = makeVerifier (\ (i,d) -> if i == 1 then -d else d) 9
>>
>>
>> I think I'm catching on.
>>
>> Michael
>>
>>
>>
>> --- On Sun, 4/12/09, Daniel Fischer <daniel.is.fischer at web.de> wrote:
>>
>> From: Daniel Fischer <daniel.is.fischer at web.de>
>> Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] Functions that return functions
>> To: haskell-cafe at haskell.org
>> Cc: "michael rice" <nowgate at yahoo.com>
>> Date: Sunday, April 12, 2009, 12:15 PM
>>
>> Am Sonntag 12 April 2009 17:38:53 schrieb michael rice:
>>> The following are exercises 5.10, and 5.11 from the Scheme text "Concrete
>>> Abstractions" by Max Hailperin, et al. The text at that point is about
>>> writing verifiers to check ID numbers such as ISBNs, credit card numbers,
>>> UPCs, etc.
>>>
>>> ======
>>>
>>> Exercise 5.10
>>> Write a predicate that takes a number and determines whether the sum of
>>> its
>>> digits is divisible by 17.
>>>
>>> Exercise 5.11
>>> Write a procedure make-verifier, which takes f and m as its two arguments
>>> and returns a procedure capable of checking a number. The argument f is
>>> itself a procedure of course. Here is a particularly simple example of a
>>> verifier being made and used.
>>>
>>> (define check-isbn (make-verifier * 11))
>>>
>>> (check-isbn 0262010771)
>>> #t
>>>
>>> The value #t is the "true" value; it indicates that the number is a valid
>>> ISBN.
>>>
>>> As we just saw, for ISBN numbers the divisor is 11 and the function is
>>> simply f(i,d(i)) = i * d(i). Other kinds of numbers use slightly more
>>> complicated functions, but you will still be able to use make-verifier to
>>> make a verifier much more easily than if you had to start from scratch.
>>>
>>> =======
>>>
>>> Here's the Scheme check-verifier function I wrote, followed by my humble
>>> attempt at a Haskell function that does the same thing. Below that are
>>> some
>>> verifier functions created with the Scheme make-verifier. Admittedly,
>>> functions that return functions are Lispy, but perhaps there a Haskelly
>>> way
>>> to accomplish the same thing?
>>
>> Functions returning functions are quite natural in Haskell.
>> Since usually functions are written in curried form, a function returng a
>> function
>> corresponds to a function of multiple arguments applied to only some of
>> them.
>>
>>>
>>> Michael
>>>
>>> ===============
>>>
>>>
>>> (define (make-verifier f m) ;f is f(i,d) & m is divisor
>>> (lambda (n)
>>> (let* ((d (digits n))
>>> (i (index (length d)))) ;(index 3) => (1 2 3)
>>> (divides? m (reduce + 0 (map f i d)))))) #f
>>>
>>> makeVerifier :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> Int -> (Int -> Bool)
>>>
>>> makeVerifier f m = \n -> let d = digits n
>>>
>>> i = [1..(length d)]
>>>
>>> in \n -> divides m (foldl (+) 0 (map2 f i d))
>>>
>>>
>>
>> makeVerifier f m n = divides m . foldl (+) 0 $ zipWith f [1 .. ] (digits
>> n)
>>
>> just call makeVerifier f m to get your verification function :)
>>
>> If you don't want to name the last argument:
>>
>> makeVerifier f m = divides m . foldl (+) 0 . zipWith f [1 .. ] . digits
>>
>> more point-freeing would be obfuscation.
>> Instead of foldl (+) 0, you could also just write sum.
>>
>>>
>>> -- Note: Reduce is just foldl f 0 lst, but map2 is
>>> map2 :: (Int -> Int -> Int) -> [Int] -> [Int] -> [Int]
>>> map2 f m n = [ f i d | (i,d) <- zip m n]
>>
>> map2 is zipWith, already in the Prelude.
>>
>>>
>>> -- And here's my digits function
>>> digits :: Int -> [Int]
>>> digits 0 = []
>>> digits n = rem n 10 : digits (quot n 10)
>>
>> Unless you are desperate for speed and sure you deal only with positive
>> numbers (or know
>> that you really want quot and rem), better use div and mod. Those give the
>> commonly
>> expected (unless your expectation has been ruined by the behaviour of % in
>> C, Java...)
>> results.
>>
>>>
>>> -- And divides function
>>> divides :: Int -> Int -> Bool
>>> divides divisor n = 0 == rem n divisor
>>>
>>> =====
>>>
>>> (define check-isbn ;book number
>>> (make-verifier
>>> *
>>> 11))
>>>
>>> (define check-upc ;universal product code
>>> (make-verifier
>>> (lambda (i d) (if (odd? i) d (* 3 d)))
>>> 10))
>>>
>>> (define check-cc ;credit card
>>> (make-verifier
>>> (lambda (i d) (if (odd? i) d (if (< d 5) (* 2 d) (+ (* 2 d) 1))))
>>> 10))
>>>
>>> (define check-usps ;postal money order
>>> (make-verifier
>>> (lambda (i d) (if (= i 1) (- d) d))
>>> 9))
>>
>>
>>
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