[Git][ghc/ghc][wip/marge_bot_batch_merge_job] 4 commits: Reject nested foralls/contexts in instance types more consistently

Marge Bot gitlab at gitlab.haskell.org
Tue Jun 30 11:10:56 UTC 2020



 Marge Bot pushed to branch wip/marge_bot_batch_merge_job at Glasgow Haskell Compiler / GHC


Commits:
71006532 by Ryan Scott at 2020-06-30T07:10:42-04:00
Reject nested foralls/contexts in instance types more consistently

GHC is very wishy-washy about rejecting instance declarations with
nested `forall`s or contexts that are surrounded by outermost
parentheses. This can even lead to some strange interactions with
`ScopedTypeVariables`, as demonstrated in #18240. This patch makes
GHC more consistently reject instance types with nested
`forall`s/contexts so as to prevent these strange interactions.

On the implementation side, this patch tweaks `splitLHsInstDeclTy`
and `getLHsInstDeclHead` to not look through parentheses, which can
be semantically significant. I've added a
`Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]` in
`GHC.Hs.Type` to explain why. This also introduces a
`no_nested_foralls_contexts_err` function in `GHC.Rename.HsType` to
catch nested `forall`s/contexts in instance types. This function is
now used in `rnClsInstDecl` (for ordinary instance declarations) and
`rnSrcDerivDecl` (for standalone `deriving` declarations), the latter
of which fixes #18271.

On the documentation side, this adds a new
"Formal syntax for instance declaration types" section to the GHC
User's Guide that presents a BNF-style grammar for what is and isn't
allowed in instance types.

Fixes #18240. Fixes #18271.

- - - - -
bccf3351 by Sylvain Henry at 2020-06-30T07:10:46-04:00
Add ghc-bignum to 8.12 release notes

- - - - -
81704a6f by David Eichmann at 2020-06-30T07:10:48-04:00
Update ssh keys in CI performance metrics upload script

- - - - -
85310fb8 by Joshua Price at 2020-06-30T07:10:49-04:00
Add missing Ix instances for tuples of size 6 through 15 (#16643)

- - - - -


30 changed files:

- .gitlab/test-metrics.sh
- compiler/GHC/Hs/Type.hs
- compiler/GHC/Rename/Module.hs
- docs/users_guide/8.12.1-notes.rst
- docs/users_guide/bugs.rst
- docs/users_guide/exts/explicit_forall.rst
- docs/users_guide/exts/instances.rst
- docs/users_guide/exts/scoped_type_variables.rst
- libraries/base/GHC/Ix.hs
- libraries/base/changelog.md
- + libraries/base/tests/T16643.hs
- + libraries/base/tests/T16643.stdout
- libraries/base/tests/all.T
- testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T16326_Fail8.stderr
- + testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T18271.hs
- + testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T18271.stderr
- testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/all.T
- testsuite/tests/deriving/should_compile/T15831.hs
- testsuite/tests/deriving/should_compile/deriving-via-standalone.hs
- testsuite/tests/deriving/should_fail/deriving-via-fail.hs
- testsuite/tests/deriving/should_fail/deriving-via-fail4.hs
- testsuite/tests/parser/should_fail/T3811c.stderr
- testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T16114.stderr
- + testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240a.hs
- + testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240a.stderr
- + testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240b.hs
- + testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240b.stderr
- testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T5951.stderr
- testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/all.T
- testsuite/tests/typecheck/should_fail/T16394.stderr


Changes:

=====================================
.gitlab/test-metrics.sh
=====================================
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ function pull() {
 
 function setup_ssh() {
   # Add gitlab as a known host.
+  # This can be generated with `ssh-keyscan -H gitlab.haskell.org`
   mkdir -p ~/.ssh
-  echo "|1|+AUrMGS1elvPeLNt+NHGa5+c6pU=|4XvfRsQftO1OgZD4c0JJ7oNaii8= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAACAQDXilA5l4kOZPx0nM6xDATF+t4fS6te0eYPDwBI/jLWD9cJVtCnsrwMl5ar+/NfmcD0jnCYztUiVHuXyTaWPJYSQpwltfpTeqpo9/z/0MxkPtSl1uMP2cLbDiqA01OWveChktOXwU6hRQ+7MmO+dNRS/iXrRmYrGv/p1W811QgLBLS9fefEdF25n+0dP71L7Ov7riOawlDmd0C11FraE/R8HX6gs6lbXta1kisdxGyKojYSiCtobUaJxRoatMfUP0a9rwTAyl8tf56LgB+igjMky879VAbL7eQ/AmfHYPrSGJ/YlWP6Jj23Dnos5nOVlWL/rVTs9Y/NakLpPwMs75KTC0Pd74hdf2e3folDdAi2kLrQgO2SI6so7rOYZ+mFkCM751QdDVy4DzjmDvSgSIVf9SV7RQf7e7unE7pSZ/ILupZqz9KhR1MOwVO+ePa5qJMNSdC204PIsRWkIO5KP0QLl507NI9Ri84+aODoHD7gDIWNhU08J2P8/E6r0wcC8uWaxh+HaOjI9BkHjqRYsrgfn54BAuO9kw1cDvyi3c8n7VFlNtvQP15lANwim3gr9upV+r95KEPJCgZMYWJBDPIVtp4GdYxCfXxWj5oMXbA5pf0tNixwNJjAsY7I6RN2htHbuySH36JybOZk+gCj6mQkxpCT/tKaUn14hBJWLq7Q+Q==" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-  echo "|1|JZkdAPJmpX6SzGeqhmQLfMWLGQA=|4vTELroOlbFxbCr0WX+PK9EcpD0= ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJknufU+I6A5Nm58lmse4/o11Ai2UzYbYe7782J1+kRk" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+  echo "|1|cta91z3DoAGdpX2Epe9WF+sr+Rk=|1qlsbqiTTa8YsDyQBjVnzANFQ3Y= ssh-rsa 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" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+  echo "|1|uZkjsBS2bmdh7L/8zBquxJd/F20=|by/tpuDAPT6BpEXrDOiOv1/Zx/A= ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIA7ltOZyaULDgxE3Vw6RgQVp+OPKQi79ssUenbhdWy36" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
 
   # Setup ssh keys.
   eval `ssh-agent`


=====================================
compiler/GHC/Hs/Type.hs
=====================================
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module GHC.Hs.Type (
         hsLTyVarName, hsLTyVarNames, hsLTyVarLocName, hsExplicitLTyVarNames,
         splitLHsInstDeclTy, getLHsInstDeclHead, getLHsInstDeclClass_maybe,
         splitLHsPatSynTy,
-        splitLHsForAllTyInvis, splitLHsQualTy,
+        splitLHsForAllTyInvis, splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP, splitLHsQualTy,
         splitLHsSigmaTyInvis, splitLHsGADTPrefixTy,
         splitHsFunType, hsTyGetAppHead_maybe,
         mkHsOpTy, mkHsAppTy, mkHsAppTys, mkHsAppKindTy,
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ import GHC.Types.Basic
 import GHC.Types.SrcLoc
 import GHC.Utils.Outputable
 import GHC.Data.FastString
-import GHC.Data.Maybe( isJust )
 import GHC.Utils.Misc ( count )
 
 import Data.Data hiding ( Fixity, Prefix, Infix )
+import Data.Maybe
 
 {-
 ************************************************************************
@@ -1341,10 +1341,10 @@ splitHsFunType (L _ (HsFunTy _ mult x y))
 
 splitHsFunType other = ([], other)
 
--- retrieve the name of the "head" of a nested type application
--- somewhat like splitHsAppTys, but a little more thorough
--- used to examine the result of a GADT-like datacon, so it doesn't handle
--- *all* cases (like lists, tuples, (~), etc.)
+-- | Retrieve the name of the \"head\" of a nested type application.
+-- This is somewhat like @GHC.Tc.Gen.HsType.splitHsAppTys@, but a little more
+-- thorough. The purpose of this function is to examine instance heads, so it
+-- doesn't handle *all* cases (like lists, tuples, @(~)@, etc.).
 hsTyGetAppHead_maybe :: LHsType (GhcPass p)
                      -> Maybe (Located (IdP (GhcPass p)))
 hsTyGetAppHead_maybe = go
@@ -1440,6 +1440,26 @@ splitLHsSigmaTyInvis ty
   , (ctxt, ty2) <- splitLHsQualTy ty1
   = (tvs, ctxt, ty2)
 
+-- | Decompose a sigma type (of the form @forall <tvs>. context => body@)
+-- into its constituent parts.
+-- Only splits type variable binders that were
+-- quantified invisibly (e.g., @forall a.@, with a dot).
+--
+-- This function is used to split apart certain types, such as instance
+-- declaration types, which disallow visible @forall at s. For instance, if GHC
+-- split apart the @forall@ in @instance forall a -> Show (Blah a)@, then that
+-- declaration would mistakenly be accepted!
+--
+-- Unlike 'splitLHsSigmaTyInvis', this function does not look through
+-- parentheses, hence the suffix @_KP@ (short for \"Keep Parentheses\").
+splitLHsSigmaTyInvis_KP ::
+     LHsType pass
+  -> (Maybe [LHsTyVarBndr Specificity pass], Maybe (LHsContext pass), LHsType pass)
+splitLHsSigmaTyInvis_KP ty
+  | (mb_tvbs, ty1) <- splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP ty
+  , (mb_ctxt, ty2) <- splitLHsQualTy_KP ty1
+  = (mb_tvbs, mb_ctxt, ty2)
+
 -- | Decompose a prefix GADT type into its constituent parts.
 -- Returns @(mb_tvbs, mb_ctxt, body)@, where:
 --
@@ -1457,26 +1477,7 @@ splitLHsSigmaTyInvis ty
 splitLHsGADTPrefixTy ::
      LHsType pass
   -> (Maybe [LHsTyVarBndr Specificity pass], Maybe (LHsContext pass), LHsType pass)
-splitLHsGADTPrefixTy ty
-  | (mb_tvbs, rho) <- split_forall ty
-  , (mb_ctxt, tau) <- split_ctxt rho
-  = (mb_tvbs, mb_ctxt, tau)
-  where
-    -- NB: We do not use splitLHsForAllTyInvis below, since that looks through
-    -- parentheses...
-    split_forall (L _ (HsForAllTy { hst_tele =
-                                      HsForAllInvis { hsf_invis_bndrs = bndrs }
-                                  , hst_body = rho }))
-      = (Just bndrs, rho)
-    split_forall sigma
-      = (Nothing, sigma)
-
-    -- ...similarly, we do not use splitLHsQualTy below, since that also looks
-    -- through parentheses.
-    split_ctxt (L _ (HsQualTy { hst_ctxt = cxt, hst_body = tau }))
-      = (Just cxt, tau)
-    split_ctxt tau
-      = (Nothing, tau)
+splitLHsGADTPrefixTy = splitLHsSigmaTyInvis_KP
 
 -- | Decompose a type of the form @forall <tvs>. body@ into its constituent
 -- parts. Only splits type variable binders that
@@ -1491,14 +1492,33 @@ splitLHsGADTPrefixTy ty
 -- such as @(forall a. <...>)@. The downside to this is that it is not
 -- generally possible to take the returned types and reconstruct the original
 -- type (parentheses and all) from them.
-splitLHsForAllTyInvis :: LHsType pass -> ([LHsTyVarBndr Specificity pass], LHsType pass)
-splitLHsForAllTyInvis lty@(L _ ty) =
+-- Unlike 'splitLHsSigmaTyInvis', this function does not look through
+-- parentheses, hence the suffix @_KP@ (short for \"Keep Parentheses\").
+splitLHsForAllTyInvis ::
+  LHsType pass -> ([LHsTyVarBndr Specificity pass], LHsType pass)
+splitLHsForAllTyInvis ty
+  | (mb_tvbs, body) <- splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP (ignoreParens ty)
+  = (fromMaybe [] mb_tvbs, body)
+
+-- | Decompose a type of the form @forall <tvs>. body@ into its constituent
+-- parts. Only splits type variable binders that
+-- were quantified invisibly (e.g., @forall a.@, with a dot).
+--
+-- This function is used to split apart certain types, such as instance
+-- declaration types, which disallow visible @forall at s. For instance, if GHC
+-- split apart the @forall@ in @instance forall a -> Show (Blah a)@, then that
+-- declaration would mistakenly be accepted!
+--
+-- Unlike 'splitLHsForAllTyInvis', this function does not look through
+-- parentheses, hence the suffix @_KP@ (short for \"Keep Parentheses\").
+splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP ::
+  LHsType pass -> (Maybe [LHsTyVarBndr Specificity pass], LHsType pass)
+splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP lty@(L _ ty) =
   case ty of
-    HsParTy _ ty' -> splitLHsForAllTyInvis ty'
-    HsForAllTy { hst_tele = HsForAllInvis { hsf_invis_bndrs = tvs' }
-               , hst_body = body' }
-      -> (tvs', body')
-    _ -> ([], lty)
+    HsForAllTy { hst_tele = HsForAllInvis { hsf_invis_bndrs = tvs }
+               , hst_body = body }
+      -> (Just tvs, body)
+    _ -> (Nothing, lty)
 
 -- | Decompose a type of the form @context => body@ into its constituent parts.
 --
@@ -1507,40 +1527,141 @@ splitLHsForAllTyInvis lty@(L _ ty) =
 -- generally possible to take the returned types and reconstruct the original
 -- type (parentheses and all) from them.
 splitLHsQualTy :: LHsType pass -> (LHsContext pass, LHsType pass)
-splitLHsQualTy (L _ (HsParTy _ ty)) = splitLHsQualTy ty
-splitLHsQualTy (L _ (HsQualTy { hst_ctxt = ctxt, hst_body = body })) = (ctxt,     body)
-splitLHsQualTy body              = (noLHsContext, body)
+splitLHsQualTy ty
+  | (mb_ctxt, body) <- splitLHsQualTy_KP (ignoreParens ty)
+  = (fromMaybe noLHsContext mb_ctxt, body)
+
+-- | Decompose a type of the form @context => body@ into its constituent parts.
+--
+-- Unlike 'splitLHsQualTy', this function does not look through
+-- parentheses, hence the suffix @_KP@ (short for \"Keep Parentheses\").
+splitLHsQualTy_KP :: LHsType pass -> (Maybe (LHsContext pass), LHsType pass)
+splitLHsQualTy_KP (L _ (HsQualTy { hst_ctxt = ctxt, hst_body = body }))
+                       = (Just ctxt, body)
+splitLHsQualTy_KP body = (Nothing, body)
 
 -- | Decompose a type class instance type (of the form
 -- @forall <tvs>. context => instance_head@) into its constituent parts.
+-- Note that the @[Name]@s returned correspond to either:
 --
--- Note that this function looks through parentheses, so it will work on types
--- such as @(forall <tvs>. <...>)@. The downside to this is that it is not
--- generally possible to take the returned types and reconstruct the original
--- type (parentheses and all) from them.
+-- * The implicitly bound type variables (if the type lacks an outermost
+--   @forall@), or
+--
+-- * The explicitly bound type variables (if the type has an outermost
+--   @forall@).
+--
+-- This function is careful not to look through parentheses.
+-- See @Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]@
+-- for why this is important.
 splitLHsInstDeclTy :: LHsSigType GhcRn
                    -> ([Name], LHsContext GhcRn, LHsType GhcRn)
--- Split up an instance decl type, returning the pieces
 splitLHsInstDeclTy (HsIB { hsib_ext = itkvs
                          , hsib_body = inst_ty })
-  | (tvs, cxt, body_ty) <- splitLHsSigmaTyInvis inst_ty
-  = (itkvs ++ hsLTyVarNames tvs, cxt, body_ty)
-         -- Return implicitly bound type and kind vars
-         -- For an instance decl, all of them are in scope
+  | (mb_tvs, mb_cxt, body_ty) <- splitLHsSigmaTyInvis_KP inst_ty
+  = (itkvs ++ maybe [] hsLTyVarNames mb_tvs, fromMaybe noLHsContext mb_cxt, body_ty)
+    -- Because of the forall-or-nothing rule (see Note [forall-or-nothing rule]
+    -- in GHC.Rename.HsType), at least one of itkvs (the implicitly bound type
+    -- variables) or mb_tvs (the explicitly bound type variables) will be
+    -- empty. Still, if ScopedTypeVariables is enabled, we must bring one or
+    -- the other into scope over the bodies of the instance methods, so we
+    -- simply combine them into a single list.
 
+-- | Decompose a type class instance type (of the form
+-- @forall <tvs>. context => instance_head@) into the @instance_head at .
 getLHsInstDeclHead :: LHsSigType (GhcPass p) -> LHsType (GhcPass p)
-getLHsInstDeclHead inst_ty
-  | (_tvs, _cxt, body_ty) <- splitLHsSigmaTyInvis (hsSigType inst_ty)
+getLHsInstDeclHead (HsIB { hsib_body = inst_ty })
+  | (_mb_tvs, _mb_cxt, body_ty) <- splitLHsSigmaTyInvis_KP inst_ty
   = body_ty
 
+-- | Decompose a type class instance type (of the form
+-- @forall <tvs>. context => instance_head@) into the @instance_head@ and
+-- retrieve the underlying class type constructor (if it exists).
 getLHsInstDeclClass_maybe :: LHsSigType (GhcPass p)
                           -> Maybe (Located (IdP (GhcPass p)))
--- Works on (HsSigType RdrName)
+-- Works on (LHsSigType GhcPs)
 getLHsInstDeclClass_maybe inst_ty
   = do { let head_ty = getLHsInstDeclHead inst_ty
        ; cls <- hsTyGetAppHead_maybe head_ty
        ; return cls }
 
+{-
+Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The type at the top of an instance declaration is one of the few places in GHC
+where nested `forall`s or contexts are not permitted, even with RankNTypes
+enabled. For example, the following will be rejected:
+
+  instance forall a. forall b. Show (Either a b) where ...
+  instance Eq a => Eq b => Show (Either a b) where ...
+  instance (forall a. Show (Maybe a)) where ...
+  instance (Eq a => Show (Maybe a)) where ...
+
+This restriction is partly motivated by an unusual quirk of instance
+declarations. Namely, if ScopedTypeVariables is enabled, then the type
+variables from the top of an instance will scope over the bodies of the
+instance methods, /even if the type variables are implicitly quantified/.
+For example, GHC will accept the following:
+
+  instance Monoid a => Monoid (Identity a) where
+    mempty = Identity (mempty @a)
+
+Moreover, the type in the top of an instance declaration must obey the
+forall-or-nothing rule (see Note [forall-or-nothing rule] in
+GHC.Rename.HsType). If instance types allowed nested `forall`s, this could
+result in some strange interactions. For example, consider the following:
+
+  class C a where
+    m :: Proxy a
+  instance (forall a. C (Either a b)) where
+    m = Proxy @(Either a b)
+
+Somewhat surprisingly, old versions of GHC would accept the instance above.
+Even though the `forall` only quantifies `a`, the outermost parentheses mean
+that the `forall` is nested, and per the forall-or-nothing rule, this means
+that implicit quantification would occur. Therefore, the `a` is explicitly
+bound and the `b` is implicitly bound. Moreover, ScopedTypeVariables would
+bring /both/ sorts of type variables into scope over the body of `m`.
+How utterly confusing!
+
+To avoid this sort of confusion, we simply disallow nested `forall`s in
+instance types, which makes things like the instance above become illegal.
+For the sake of consistency, we also disallow nested contexts, even though they
+don't have the same strange interaction with ScopedTypeVariables.
+
+-----
+-- Wrinkle: Derived instances
+-----
+
+`deriving` clauses and standalone `deriving` declarations also permit bringing
+type variables into scope, either through explicit or implicit quantification.
+Unlike in the tops of instance declarations, however, one does not need to
+enable ScopedTypeVariables for this to take effect.
+
+Just as GHC forbids nested `forall`s in the top of instance declarations, it
+also forbids them in types involved with `deriving`:
+
+1. In the `via` types in DerivingVia. For example, this is rejected:
+
+     deriving via (forall x. V x) instance C (S x)
+
+   Just like the types in instance declarations, `via` types can also bring
+   both implicitly and explicitly bound type variables into scope. As a result,
+   we adopt the same no-nested-`forall`s rule in `via` types to avoid confusing
+   behavior like in the example below:
+
+     deriving via (forall x. T x y) instance W x y (Foo a b)
+     -- Both x and y are brought into scope???
+2. In the classes in `deriving` clauses. For example, this is rejected:
+
+     data T = MkT deriving (C1, (forall x. C2 x y))
+
+   This is because the generated instance would look like:
+
+     instance forall x y. C2 x y T where ...
+
+   So really, the same concerns as instance declarations apply here as well.
+-}
+
 {-
 ************************************************************************
 *                                                                      *


=====================================
compiler/GHC/Rename/Module.hs
=====================================
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ import GHC.Data.List.SetOps ( findDupsEq, removeDups, equivClasses )
 import GHC.Data.Graph.Directed ( SCC, flattenSCC, flattenSCCs, Node(..)
                                , stronglyConnCompFromEdgedVerticesUniq )
 import GHC.Types.Unique.Set
+import GHC.Data.Maybe ( whenIsJust )
 import GHC.Data.OrdList
 import qualified GHC.LanguageExtensions as LangExt
 
@@ -601,27 +602,43 @@ rnClsInstDecl (ClsInstDecl { cid_poly_ty = inst_ty, cid_binds = mbinds
                            , cid_sigs = uprags, cid_tyfam_insts = ats
                            , cid_overlap_mode = oflag
                            , cid_datafam_insts = adts })
-  = do { (inst_ty', inst_fvs)
-           <- rnHsSigType (GenericCtx $ text "an instance declaration") TypeLevel inf_err inst_ty
+  = do { (inst_ty', inst_fvs) <- rnHsSigType ctxt TypeLevel inf_err inst_ty
        ; let (ktv_names, _, head_ty') = splitLHsInstDeclTy inst_ty'
-       ; cls <-
-           case hsTyGetAppHead_maybe head_ty' of
-             Just (L _ cls) -> pure cls
-             Nothing -> do
-               -- The instance is malformed. We'd still like
-               -- to make *some* progress (rather than failing outright), so
-               -- we report an error and continue for as long as we can.
-               -- Importantly, this error should be thrown before we reach the
-               -- typechecker, lest we encounter different errors that are
-               -- hopelessly confusing (such as the one in #16114).
-               addErrAt (getLoc (hsSigType inst_ty)) $
-                 hang (text "Illegal class instance:" <+> quotes (ppr inst_ty))
-                    2 (vcat [ text "Class instances must be of the form"
-                            , nest 2 $ text "context => C ty_1 ... ty_n"
-                            , text "where" <+> quotes (char 'C')
-                              <+> text "is a class"
-                            ])
-               pure $ mkUnboundName (mkTcOccFS (fsLit "<class>"))
+             -- Check if there are any nested `forall`s or contexts, which are
+             -- illegal in the type of an instance declaration (see
+             -- Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types] in
+             -- GHC.Hs.Type)...
+             mb_nested_msg = no_nested_foralls_contexts_err
+                               (text "Instance head") head_ty'
+             -- ...then check if the instance head is actually headed by a
+             -- class type constructor...
+             eith_cls = case hsTyGetAppHead_maybe head_ty' of
+               Just (L _ cls) -> Right cls
+               Nothing        -> Left
+                 ( getLoc head_ty'
+                 , hang (text "Illegal head of an instance declaration:"
+                           <+> quotes (ppr head_ty'))
+                      2 (vcat [ text "Instance heads must be of the form"
+                              , nest 2 $ text "C ty_1 ... ty_n"
+                              , text "where" <+> quotes (char 'C')
+                                <+> text "is a class"
+                              ])
+                 )
+         -- ...finally, attempt to retrieve the class type constructor, failing
+         -- with an error message if there isn't one. To avoid excessive
+         -- amounts of error messages, we will only report one of the errors
+         -- from mb_nested_msg or eith_cls at a time.
+       ; cls <- case maybe eith_cls Left mb_nested_msg of
+           Right cls         -> pure cls
+           Left (l, err_msg) -> do
+             -- The instance is malformed. We'd still like
+             -- to make *some* progress (rather than failing outright), so
+             -- we report an error and continue for as long as we can.
+             -- Importantly, this error should be thrown before we reach the
+             -- typechecker, lest we encounter different errors that are
+             -- hopelessly confusing (such as the one in #16114).
+             addErrAt l $ withHsDocContext ctxt err_msg
+             pure $ mkUnboundName (mkTcOccFS (fsLit "<class>"))
 
           -- Rename the bindings
           -- The typechecker (not the renamer) checks that all
@@ -660,6 +677,7 @@ rnClsInstDecl (ClsInstDecl { cid_poly_ty = inst_ty, cid_binds = mbinds
              --     strange, but should not matter (and it would be more work
              --     to remove the context).
   where
+    ctxt    = GenericCtx $ text "an instance declaration"
     inf_err = Just (text "Inferred type variables are not allowed")
 
 rnFamInstEqn :: HsDocContext
@@ -993,11 +1011,19 @@ rnSrcDerivDecl (DerivDecl _ ty mds overlap)
   = do { standalone_deriv_ok <- xoptM LangExt.StandaloneDeriving
        ; unless standalone_deriv_ok (addErr standaloneDerivErr)
        ; (mds', ty', fvs)
-           <- rnLDerivStrategy DerivDeclCtx mds $
-              rnHsSigWcType DerivDeclCtx inf_err ty
+           <- rnLDerivStrategy ctxt mds $ rnHsSigWcType ctxt inf_err ty
+         -- Check if there are any nested `forall`s or contexts, which are
+         -- illegal in the type of an instance declaration (see
+         -- Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types] in
+         -- GHC.Hs.Type).
+       ; whenIsJust (no_nested_foralls_contexts_err
+                       (text "Standalone-derived instance head")
+                       (getLHsInstDeclHead $ dropWildCards ty')) $ \(l, err_msg) ->
+           addErrAt l $ withHsDocContext ctxt err_msg
        ; warnNoDerivStrat mds' loc
        ; return (DerivDecl noExtField ty' mds' overlap, fvs) }
   where
+    ctxt    = DerivDeclCtx
     inf_err = Just (text "Inferred type variables are not allowed")
     loc = getLoc $ hsib_body $ hswc_body ty
 
@@ -1805,14 +1831,26 @@ rnLHsDerivingClause doc
                               , deriv_clause_strategy = dcs
                               , deriv_clause_tys = L loc' dct }))
   = do { (dcs', dct', fvs)
-           <- rnLDerivStrategy doc dcs $ mapFvRn (rnHsSigType doc TypeLevel inf_err) dct
+           <- rnLDerivStrategy doc dcs $ mapFvRn rn_clause_pred dct
        ; warnNoDerivStrat dcs' loc
        ; pure ( L loc (HsDerivingClause { deriv_clause_ext = noExtField
                                         , deriv_clause_strategy = dcs'
                                         , deriv_clause_tys = L loc' dct' })
               , fvs ) }
   where
-    inf_err = Just (text "Inferred type variables are not allowed")
+    rn_clause_pred :: LHsSigType GhcPs -> RnM (LHsSigType GhcRn, FreeVars)
+    rn_clause_pred pred_ty = do
+      let inf_err = Just (text "Inferred type variables are not allowed")
+      ret@(pred_ty', _) <- rnHsSigType doc TypeLevel inf_err pred_ty
+      -- Check if there are any nested `forall`s, which are illegal in a
+      -- `deriving` clause.
+      -- See Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]
+      -- (Wrinkle: Derived instances) in GHC.Hs.Type.
+      whenIsJust (no_nested_foralls_contexts_err
+                    (text "Derived class type")
+                    (getLHsInstDeclHead pred_ty')) $ \(l, err_msg) ->
+            addErrAt l $ withHsDocContext doc err_msg
+      pure ret
 
 rnLDerivStrategy :: forall a.
                     HsDocContext
@@ -1848,9 +1886,17 @@ rnLDerivStrategy doc mds thing_inside
           do (via_ty', fvs1) <- rnHsSigType doc TypeLevel inf_err via_ty
              let HsIB { hsib_ext  = via_imp_tvs
                       , hsib_body = via_body } = via_ty'
-                 (via_exp_tv_bndrs, _, _) = splitLHsSigmaTyInvis via_body
-                 via_exp_tvs = hsLTyVarNames via_exp_tv_bndrs
+                 (via_exp_tv_bndrs, via_rho) = splitLHsForAllTyInvis_KP via_body
+                 via_exp_tvs = maybe [] hsLTyVarNames via_exp_tv_bndrs
                  via_tvs = via_imp_tvs ++ via_exp_tvs
+             -- Check if there are any nested `forall`s, which are illegal in a
+             -- `via` type.
+             -- See Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]
+             -- (Wrinkle: Derived instances) in GHC.Hs.Type.
+             whenIsJust (no_nested_foralls_contexts_err
+                           (quotes (text "via") <+> text "type")
+                           via_rho) $ \(l, err_msg) ->
+               addErrAt l $ withHsDocContext doc err_msg
              (thing, fvs2) <- extendTyVarEnvFVRn via_tvs thing_inside
              pure (ViaStrategy via_ty', thing, fvs1 `plusFV` fvs2)
 
@@ -2184,18 +2230,10 @@ rnConDecl (XConDecl (ConDeclGADTPrefixPs { con_gp_names = names, con_gp_ty = ty
          -- Ensure that there are no nested `forall`s or contexts, per
          -- Note [GADT abstract syntax] (Wrinkle: No nested foralls or contexts)
          -- in GHC.Hs.Type.
-       ; case res_ty of
-           L l (HsForAllTy { hst_tele = tele })
-             |  HsForAllVis{} <- tele
-             -> setSrcSpan l $ addErr $ withHsDocContext ctxt $ vcat
-                [ text "Illegal visible, dependent quantification" <+>
-                  text "in the type of a term"
-                , text "(GHC does not yet support this)" ]
-             |  HsForAllInvis{} <- tele
-             -> nested_foralls_contexts_err l ctxt
-           L l (HsQualTy {})
-             -> nested_foralls_contexts_err l ctxt
-           _ -> pure ()
+       ; whenIsJust (no_nested_foralls_contexts_err
+                       (text "GADT constructor type signature")
+                       res_ty) $ \(l, err_msg) ->
+           addErrAt l $ withHsDocContext ctxt err_msg
 
        ; traceRn "rnConDecl (ConDeclGADTPrefixPs)"
            (ppr names $$ ppr implicit_tkvs $$ ppr explicit_tkvs)
@@ -2204,12 +2242,6 @@ rnConDecl (XConDecl (ConDeclGADTPrefixPs { con_gp_names = names, con_gp_ty = ty
                            , con_mb_cxt = mb_cxt, con_args = arg_details
                            , con_res_ty = res_ty, con_doc = mb_doc' },
                fvs) }
-  where
-    nested_foralls_contexts_err :: SrcSpan -> HsDocContext -> RnM ()
-    nested_foralls_contexts_err l ctxt =
-      setSrcSpan l $ addErr $ withHsDocContext ctxt $
-      text "GADT constructor type signature cannot contain nested"
-      <+> quotes forAllLit <> text "s or contexts"
 
 rnMbContext :: HsDocContext -> Maybe (LHsContext GhcPs)
             -> RnM (Maybe (LHsContext GhcRn), FreeVars)
@@ -2239,6 +2271,41 @@ rnConDeclDetails con doc (RecCon (L l fields))
                 -- since that is done by GHC.Rename.Names.extendGlobalRdrEnvRn
         ; return (RecCon (L l new_fields), fvs) }
 
+-- | Examines a non-outermost type for @forall at s or contexts, which are assumed
+-- to be nested. Returns @'Just' err_msg@ if such a @forall@ or context is
+-- found, and returns @Nothing@ otherwise.
+--
+-- This is currently used in two places:
+--
+-- * In GADT constructor types (in 'rnConDecl').
+--   See @Note [GADT abstract syntax] (Wrinkle: No nested foralls or contexts)@
+--   in "GHC.Hs.Type".
+--
+-- * In instance declaration types (in 'rnClsIntDecl' and 'rnSrcDerivDecl').
+--   See @Note [No nested foralls or contexts in instance types]@ in
+--   "GHC.Hs.Type".
+no_nested_foralls_contexts_err :: SDoc -> LHsType GhcRn -> Maybe (SrcSpan, SDoc)
+no_nested_foralls_contexts_err what lty =
+  case ignoreParens lty of
+    L l (HsForAllTy { hst_tele = tele })
+      |  HsForAllVis{} <- tele
+         -- The only two places where this function is called correspond to
+         -- types of terms, so we give a slightly more descriptive error
+         -- message in the event that they contain visible dependent
+         -- quantification (currently only allowed in kinds).
+      -> Just (l, vcat [ text "Illegal visible, dependent quantification" <+>
+                         text "in the type of a term"
+                       , text "(GHC does not yet support this)" ])
+      |  HsForAllInvis{} <- tele
+      -> Just (l, nested_foralls_contexts_err)
+    L l (HsQualTy {})
+      -> Just (l, nested_foralls_contexts_err)
+    _ -> Nothing
+  where
+    nested_foralls_contexts_err =
+      what <+> text "cannot contain nested"
+      <+> quotes forAllLit <> text "s or contexts"
+
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 -- | Brings pattern synonym names and also pattern synonym selectors


=====================================
docs/users_guide/8.12.1-notes.rst
=====================================
@@ -45,6 +45,29 @@ Highlights
   This improves runtime but causes increased memory usage on Windows versions
   older than Win 8.1/Server 2012.
 
+* Big-number support
+
+  - GHC now relies on a new "ghc-bignum" package to provide Integer/Natural
+    implementations. This package supports the following backends:
+      - gmp: adapted from integer-gmp package that was used before
+      - native: new Haskell implementation, faster than integer-simple which is
+        not used anymore
+
+  - All backends now use the same representation for big numbers (the one that
+    was previously used only by integer-gmp). It led to several compiler
+    simplifications, performance improvements and bug fixes (e.g.
+    :ghc-ticket:`15262`, :ghc-ticket:`15286`).
+
+  - All backends must provide exactly the same set of functions with
+    deterministic results so that they can be tested one against the other (they
+    can only differ in performance). As a consequence, some functions that were
+    only provided by integer-gmp (prime test, secure powmod, etc.) are no longer
+    provided by ghc-bignum. Note that other packages (e.g. hgmp) provide these
+    functions.
+
+  - For now GHC still doesn't allow dynamic selection of the ghc-bignum backend
+    to use.
+
 Full details
 ------------
 
@@ -150,6 +173,22 @@ Language
     data U a where
       MkU :: (Show a => U a)
 
+* GHC more strictly enforces the rule that the type in the top of an instance
+  declaration is not permitted to contain nested ``forall``\ s or contexts, as
+  documented in :ref:`formal-instance-syntax`. For example, the following
+  examples, which previous versions of GHC would accept, are now rejected:
+
+    instance (forall a. C a) where ...
+    instance (Show a => C a) where ...
+
+  In addition, GHC now enforces the rule that the types in ``deriving`` clauses
+  and ``via`` types (for instances derived with :extension:`DerivingVia`)
+  cannot contain nested ``forall``\ s or contexts. For example, the following
+  examples, which previous versions of GHC would accept, are now rejected: ::
+
+    data T = MkT deriving (C1, (forall x. C2 x))
+    deriving via (forall x. V x) instance C (S x)
+
 * A new language extension :extension:`QualifiedDo` is implemented, allowing
   to qualify a do block to control which operations to use for desugaring do
   syntax. ::


=====================================
docs/users_guide/bugs.rst
=====================================
@@ -530,9 +530,8 @@ Large tuple support
     The Haskell Report only requires implementations to provide tuple
     types and their accompanying standard instances up to size 15. GHC
     limits the size of tuple types to 62 and provides instances of
-    ``Eq``, ``Ord``, ``Bounded``, ``Read``, and ``Show`` for tuples up
-    to size 15. However, ``Ix`` instances are provided only for tuples
-    up to size 5.
+    ``Eq``, ``Ord``, ``Bounded``, ``Read``, ``Show``, and ``Ix`` for
+    tuples up to size 15.
 
 .. _bugs:
 


=====================================
docs/users_guide/exts/explicit_forall.rst
=====================================
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ Notes:
 
       instance forall a. Eq a => Eq [a] where ...
 
+  Note that the use of ``forall``s in instance declarations is somewhat
+  restricted in comparison to other types. For example, instance declarations
+  are not allowed to contain nested ``forall``s. See
+  :ref:`formal-instance-syntax` for more information.
+
 - If the :ghc-flag:`-Wunused-foralls` flag is enabled, a warning will be emitted
   when you write a type variable in an explicit ``forall`` statement that is
   otherwise unused. For instance: ::


=====================================
docs/users_guide/exts/instances.rst
=====================================
@@ -99,6 +99,77 @@ GHC relaxes this rule in two ways:
 However, the instance declaration must still conform to the rules for
 instance termination: see :ref:`instance-termination`.
 
+.. _formal-instance-syntax:
+
+Formal syntax for instance declaration types
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The top of an instance declaration only permits very specific forms of types.
+To make more precise what forms of types are or are not permitted, we provide a
+BNF-style grammar for the tops of instance declarations below: ::
+
+  inst_top ::= 'instance' opt_forall opt_ctxt inst_head opt_where
+
+  opt_forall ::= <empty>
+              |  'forall' tv_bndrs '.'
+
+  tv_bndrs ::= <empty>
+            |  tv_bndr tv_bndrs
+
+  tv_bndr ::= tyvar
+           |  '(' tyvar '::' ctype ')'
+
+  opt_ctxt ::= <empty>
+            |  btype '=>'
+            |  '(' ctxt ')' '=>'
+
+  ctxt ::= ctype
+        |  ctype ',' ctxt
+
+  inst_head ::= '(' inst_head ')'
+             |  prefix_cls_tycon arg_types
+             |  arg_type infix_cls_tycon arg_type
+             |  '(' arg_type infix_cls_tycon arg_type ')' arg_types
+
+  arg_type ::= <empty>
+            |  arg_type arg_types
+
+  opt_where ::= <empty>
+             |  'where'
+
+Where:
+
+- ``btype`` is a type that is not allowed to have an outermost
+  ``forall``/``=>`` unless it is surrounded by parentheses. For example,
+  ``forall a. a`` and ``Eq a => a`` are not legal ``btype``s, but
+  ``(forall a. a)`` and ``(Eq a => a)`` are legal.
+- ``ctype`` is a ``btype`` that has no restrictions on an outermost
+  ``forall``/``=>``, so ``forall a. a`` and ``Eq a => a`` are legal ``ctype``s.
+- ``arg_type`` is a type that is not allowed to have ``forall``s or ``=>``s
+- ``prefix_cls_tycon`` is a class type constructor written prefix (e.g.,
+  ``Show`` or ``(&&&)``), while ``infix_cls_tycon`` is a class type constructor
+  written infix (e.g., ```Show``` or ``&&&``).
+
+This is a simplified grammar that does not fully delve into all of the
+implementation details of GHC's parser (such as the placement of Haddock
+comments), but it is sufficient to attain an understanding of what is
+syntactically allowed. Some further various observations about this grammar:
+
+- Instance declarations are not allowed to be declared with nested ``forall``s
+  or ``=>``s. For example, this would be rejected: ::
+
+    instance forall a. forall b. C (Either a b) where ...
+
+  As a result, ``inst_top`` puts all of its quantification and constraints up
+  front with ``opt_forall`` and ``opt_context``.
+- Furthermore, instance declarations types do not permit outermost parentheses
+  that surround the ``opt_forall`` or ``opt_ctxt``, if at least one of them are
+  used. For example, ``instance (forall a. C a)`` would be rejected, since GHC
+  would treat the ``forall`` as being nested.
+
+  Note that it is acceptable to use parentheses in a ``inst_head``. For
+  instance, ``instance (C a)`` is accepted, as is ``instance forall a. (C a)``.
+
 .. _instance-rules:
 
 Relaxed rules for instance contexts


=====================================
docs/users_guide/exts/scoped_type_variables.rst
=====================================
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ Lexically scoped type variables
 
 .. tip::
 
-    ``ScopedTypeVariables`` breaks GHC's usual rule that explicit ``forall`` is optional and doesn't affect semantics.
+    :extension:`ScopedTypeVariables` breaks GHC's usual rule that explicit ``forall`` is optional and doesn't affect semantics.
     For the :ref:`decl-type-sigs` (or :ref:`exp-type-sigs`) examples in this section,
     the explicit ``forall`` is required.
     (If omitted, usually the program will not compile; in a few cases it will compile but the functions get a different signature.)
-    To trigger those forms of ``ScopedTypeVariables``, the ``forall`` must appear against the top-level signature (or outer expression)
+    To trigger those forms of :extension:`ScopedTypeVariables`, the ``forall`` must appear against the top-level signature (or outer expression)
     but *not* against nested signatures referring to the same type variables.
 
     Explicit ``forall`` is not always required -- see :ref:`pattern signature equivalent <pattern-equiv-form>` for the example in this section, or :ref:`pattern-type-sigs`.
@@ -261,11 +261,12 @@ the pattern, rather than the pattern binding the variable.
 Class and instance declarations
 -------------------------------
 
-The type variables in the head of a ``class`` or ``instance``
-declaration scope over the methods defined in the ``where`` part. You do
-not even need an explicit ``forall`` (although you are allowed an explicit
-``forall`` in an ``instance`` declaration; see :ref:`explicit-foralls`).
-For example: ::
+:extension:`ScopedTypeVariables` allow the type variables bound by the top of a
+``class`` or ``instance`` declaration to scope over the methods defined in the
+``where`` part. Unlike :ref`decl-type-sigs`, type variables from class and
+instance declarations can be lexically scoped without an explicit ``forall``
+(although you are allowed an explicit ``forall`` in an ``instance``
+declaration; see :ref:`explicit-foralls`). For example: ::
 
       class C a where
         op :: [a] -> a
@@ -278,4 +279,36 @@ For example: ::
       instance C b => C [b] where
         op xs = reverse (head (xs :: [[b]]))
 
+      -- Alternatively, one could write the instance above as:
+      instance forall b. C b => C [b] where
+        op xs = reverse (head (xs :: [[b]]))
+
+While :extension:`ScopedTypeVariables` is required for type variables from the
+top of a class or instance declaration to scope over the /bodies/ of the
+methods, it is not required for the type variables to scope over the /type
+signatures/ of the methods. For example, the following will be accepted without
+explicitly enabling :extension:`ScopedTypeVariables`: ::
+
+      class D a where
+        m :: [a] -> a
+
+      instance D [a] where
+        m :: [a] -> [a]
+        m = reverse
+
+Note that writing ``m :: [a] -> [a]`` requires the use of the
+:extension:`InstanceSigs` extension.
+
+Similarly, :extension:`ScopedTypeVariables` is not required for type variables
+from the top of the class or instance declaration to scope over associated type
+families, which only requires the :extension:`TypeFamilies` extension. For
+instance, the following will be accepted without explicitly enabling
+:extension:`ScopedTypeVariables`: ::
+
+      class E a where
+        type T a
+
+      instance E [a] where
+        type T [a] = a
 
+See :ref:`scoping-class-params` for further information.


=====================================
libraries/base/GHC/Ix.hs
=====================================
@@ -324,6 +324,8 @@ instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4) => Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4)  where
       inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4
 
     -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- | @since 2.01
 instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5) => Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5)  where
     range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5)) =
@@ -346,3 +348,428 @@ instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5) => Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5)  where
       inRange (l5,u5) i5
 
     -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                             i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                             i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                             i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                             i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                             i6 <- range (l6,u6)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6)) (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6) =
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1)))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6)) (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                i7 <- range (l7,u7)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7) =
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                   i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                   i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                   i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                   i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                   i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                   i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                   i8 <- range (l8,u8)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8) =
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1)))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                      i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                      i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                      i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                      i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                      i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                      i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                      i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                      i9 <- range (l9,u9)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9) =
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                         i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                         i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                         i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                         i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                         i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                         i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                         i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                         i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                         iA <- range (lA,uA)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA) =
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1)))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA),(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA, Ix aB) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA,aB)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB),
+           (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                            i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                            i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                            i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                            i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                            i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                            i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                            i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                            i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                            iA <- range (lA,uA),
+                                            iB <- range (lB,uB)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB) =
+      unsafeIndex (lB,uB) iB + unsafeRangeSize (lB,uB) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1))))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB),
+             (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA &&
+      inRange (lB,uB) iB
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA, Ix aB, Ix aC) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA,aB,aC)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC),
+           (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                               i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                               i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                               i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                               i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                               i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                               i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                               i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                               i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                               iA <- range (lA,uA),
+                                               iB <- range (lB,uB),
+                                               iC <- range (lC,uC)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC) =
+      unsafeIndex (lC,uC) iC + unsafeRangeSize (lC,uC) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lB,uB) iB + unsafeRangeSize (lB,uB) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1)))))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC),
+             (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA &&
+      inRange (lB,uB) iB && inRange (lC,uC) iC
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA, Ix aB, Ix aC, Ix aD) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA,aB,aC,aD)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD),
+           (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                                  i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                                  i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                                  i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                                  i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                                  i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                                  i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                                  i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                                  i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                                  iA <- range (lA,uA),
+                                                  iB <- range (lB,uB),
+                                                  iC <- range (lC,uC),
+                                                  iD <- range (lD,uD)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD) =
+      unsafeIndex (lD,uD) iD + unsafeRangeSize (lD,uD) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lC,uC) iC + unsafeRangeSize (lC,uC) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lB,uB) iB + unsafeRangeSize (lB,uB) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1))))))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD),
+             (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA &&
+      inRange (lB,uB) iB && inRange (lC,uC) iC &&
+      inRange (lD,uD) iD
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA, Ix aB, Ix aC, Ix aD, Ix aE) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE),
+           (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                                     i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                                     i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                                     i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                                     i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                                     i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                                     i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                                     i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                                     i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                                     iA <- range (lA,uA),
+                                                     iB <- range (lB,uB),
+                                                     iC <- range (lC,uC),
+                                                     iD <- range (lD,uD),
+                                                     iE <- range (lE,uE)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE) =
+      unsafeIndex (lE,uE) iE + unsafeRangeSize (lE,uE) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lD,uD) iD + unsafeRangeSize (lD,uD) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lC,uC) iC + unsafeRangeSize (lC,uC) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lB,uB) iB + unsafeRangeSize (lB,uB) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1)))))))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE),
+             (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA &&
+      inRange (lB,uB) iB && inRange (lC,uC) iC &&
+      inRange (lD,uD) iD && inRange (lE,uE) iE
+
+    -- Default method for index
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- | @since 4.15.0.0
+instance  (Ix a1, Ix a2, Ix a3, Ix a4, Ix a5, Ix a6, Ix a7, Ix a8, Ix a9,
+           Ix aA, Ix aB, Ix aC, Ix aD, Ix aE, Ix aF) =>
+      Ix (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF)  where
+    range ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE,lF),
+           (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE,uF)) =
+      [(i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE,iF) | i1 <- range (l1,u1),
+                                                        i2 <- range (l2,u2),
+                                                        i3 <- range (l3,u3),
+                                                        i4 <- range (l4,u4),
+                                                        i5 <- range (l5,u5),
+                                                        i6 <- range (l6,u6),
+                                                        i7 <- range (l7,u7),
+                                                        i8 <- range (l8,u8),
+                                                        i9 <- range (l9,u9),
+                                                        iA <- range (lA,uA),
+                                                        iB <- range (lB,uB),
+                                                        iC <- range (lC,uC),
+                                                        iD <- range (lD,uD),
+                                                        iE <- range (lE,uE),
+                                                        iF <- range (lF,uF)]
+
+    unsafeIndex ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE,lF),
+                 (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE,uF))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE,iF) =
+      unsafeIndex (lF,uF) iF + unsafeRangeSize (lF,uF) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lE,uE) iE + unsafeRangeSize (lE,uE) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lD,uD) iD + unsafeRangeSize (lD,uD) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lC,uC) iC + unsafeRangeSize (lC,uC) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lB,uB) iB + unsafeRangeSize (lB,uB) * (
+      unsafeIndex (lA,uA) iA + unsafeRangeSize (lA,uA) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l9,u9) i9 + unsafeRangeSize (l9,u9) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l8,u8) i8 + unsafeRangeSize (l8,u8) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l7,u7) i7 + unsafeRangeSize (l7,u7) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l6,u6) i6 + unsafeRangeSize (l6,u6) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l5,u5) i5 + unsafeRangeSize (l5,u5) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l4,u4) i4 + unsafeRangeSize (l4,u4) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l3,u3) i3 + unsafeRangeSize (l3,u3) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l2,u2) i2 + unsafeRangeSize (l2,u2) * (
+      unsafeIndex (l1,u1) i1))))))))))))))
+
+    inRange ((l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,l9,lA,lB,lC,lD,lE,lF),
+             (u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6,u7,u8,u9,uA,uB,uC,uD,uE,uF))
+        (i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9,iA,iB,iC,iD,iE,iF) =
+      inRange (l1,u1) i1 && inRange (l2,u2) i2 &&
+      inRange (l3,u3) i3 && inRange (l4,u4) i4 &&
+      inRange (l5,u5) i5 && inRange (l6,u6) i6 &&
+      inRange (l7,u7) i7 && inRange (l8,u8) i8 &&
+      inRange (l9,u9) i9 && inRange (lA,uA) iA &&
+      inRange (lB,uB) iB && inRange (lC,uC) iC &&
+      inRange (lD,uD) iD && inRange (lE,uE) iE &&
+      inRange (lF,uF) iF
+
+    -- Default method for index


=====================================
libraries/base/changelog.md
=====================================
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
     small lists will now compile to a simple case statement more often.
 
   * Add `MonadFix` and `MonadZip` instances for `Complex`
+
+  * Add `Ix` instances for tuples of size 6 through 15
    
 ## 4.14.0.0 *TBA*
   * Bundled with GHC 8.10.1


=====================================
libraries/base/tests/T16643.hs
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module Main (main) where
+
+import Data.Ix
+
+main :: IO ()
+main =
+  if 2^6  == rangeSize r6  && 2^7  == rangeSize r7  && 2^8  == rangeSize r8  &&
+     2^9  == rangeSize r9  && 2^10 == rangeSize r10 && 2^11 == rangeSize r11 &&
+     2^12 == rangeSize r12 && 2^13 == rangeSize r13 && 2^14 == rangeSize r14 &&
+     2^15 == rangeSize r15
+    then putStrLn "Success"
+    else putStrLn "Error in large tuple Ix instances"
+  where
+    r6 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r7 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r8 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r9 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r10 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r11 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r12 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r13 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r14 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
+    r15 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0),(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))


=====================================
libraries/base/tests/T16643.stdout
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Success
\ No newline at end of file


=====================================
libraries/base/tests/all.T
=====================================
@@ -254,3 +254,4 @@ test('T16111', exit_code(1), compile_and_run, [''])
 test('T16943a', normal, compile_and_run, [''])
 test('T16943b', normal, compile_and_run, [''])
 test('T17499', [collect_stats('bytes allocated',5)], compile_and_run, ['-O -w'])
+test('T16643', normal, compile_and_run, [''])


=====================================
testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T16326_Fail8.stderr
=====================================
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 
 T16326_Fail8.hs:7:10: error:
-    Illegal class instance: ‘forall a -> C (Blah a)’
-      Class instances must be of the form
-        context => C ty_1 ... ty_n
-      where ‘C’ is a class
+    Illegal visible, dependent quantification in the type of a term
+    (GHC does not yet support this)
+    In an instance declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T18271.hs
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveAnyClass #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
+module T18271 where
+
+class C a
+deriving instance forall a -> C (Maybe a)


=====================================
testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/T18271.stderr
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+T18271.hs:7:19: error:
+    Illegal visible, dependent quantification in the type of a term
+    (GHC does not yet support this)
+    In a deriving declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/dependent/should_fail/all.T
=====================================
@@ -65,3 +65,4 @@ test('T14880-2', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T15076', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T15076b', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T17687', normal, compile_fail, [''])
+test('T18271', normal, compile_fail, [''])


=====================================
testsuite/tests/deriving/should_compile/T15831.hs
=====================================
@@ -13,21 +13,21 @@ newtype Age = MkAge Int
   deriving Ord
     via Const Int (Any :: k)
   deriving Read
-    via (forall k. Const Int (Any :: k))
+    via forall k. Const Int (Any :: k)
   deriving Show
     via Const Int a
   deriving Enum
     via Const Int (a :: k)
   deriving Bounded
-    via (forall a. Const Int a)
+    via forall a. Const Int a
   deriving Num
-    via (forall k (a :: k). Const Int a)
+    via forall k (a :: k). Const Int a
 
 newtype Age2 = MkAge2 Int
-deriving via                     Const Int Any         instance Eq      Age2
-deriving via                     Const Int (Any :: k)  instance Ord     Age2
-deriving via (forall k.          Const Int (Any :: k)) instance Read    Age2
-deriving via                     Const Int a           instance Show    Age2
-deriving via                     Const Int (a :: k)    instance Enum    Age2
-deriving via (forall a.          Const Int a)          instance Bounded Age2
-deriving via (forall k (a :: k). Const Int a)          instance Num     Age2
+deriving via                    Const Int Any        instance Eq      Age2
+deriving via                    Const Int (Any :: k) instance Ord     Age2
+deriving via forall k.          Const Int (Any :: k) instance Read    Age2
+deriving via                    Const Int a          instance Show    Age2
+deriving via                    Const Int (a :: k)   instance Enum    Age2
+deriving via forall a.          Const Int a          instance Bounded Age2
+deriving via forall k (a :: k). Const Int a          instance Num     Age2


=====================================
testsuite/tests/deriving/should_compile/deriving-via-standalone.hs
=====================================
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ data X1 a
 data X2 a
 data X3 a
 
-deriving via (forall a. T a) instance           Z a (X1 b)
-deriving via           (T a) instance forall b. Z a (X2 b)
-deriving via (forall a. T a) instance forall b. Z a (X3 b)
+deriving via forall a. T a instance           Z a (X1 b)
+deriving via           T a instance forall b. Z a (X2 b)
+deriving via forall a. T a instance forall b. Z a (X3 b)


=====================================
testsuite/tests/deriving/should_fail/deriving-via-fail.hs
=====================================
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ newtype Foo2 a b = Foo2 (a -> b)
   deriving Category
     via fooo
 
-data Foo3 deriving Eq via (forall a. a)
+data Foo3 deriving Eq via forall a. a


=====================================
testsuite/tests/deriving/should_fail/deriving-via-fail4.hs
=====================================
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ newtype F1 = F1 Int
   deriving Eq via Char
 
 newtype F2 a = MkF2 a
-  deriving (C a) via (forall a. a)
+  deriving (C a) via forall a. a


=====================================
testsuite/tests/parser/should_fail/T3811c.stderr
=====================================
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 
 T3811c.hs:6:10: error:
-    Illegal class instance: ‘!Show D’
-      Class instances must be of the form
-        context => C ty_1 ... ty_n
+    Illegal head of an instance declaration: ‘!Show D’
+      Instance heads must be of the form
+        C ty_1 ... ty_n
       where ‘C’ is a class
+    In an instance declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T16114.stderr
=====================================
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 
-T16114.hs:4:10: error:
-    Illegal class instance: ‘Eq a => Eq a => Eq (T a)’
-      Class instances must be of the form
-        context => C ty_1 ... ty_n
-      where ‘C’ is a class
+T16114.hs:4:18: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240a.hs
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}
+module T18240a where
+
+import Data.Proxy
+
+class C a where
+  m :: Proxy a
+
+instance (forall a. C [a]) where
+  m = Proxy @[a]
+
+instance (Eq a => C [a]) where
+  m = Proxy @[a]
+
+instance (forall a. C (Either a b)) where
+  m = Proxy @(Either a b)
+
+instance forall a. (forall b. C (Either a b)) where
+  m = Proxy @(Either a b)
+
+instance Eq a => (Eq b => C (Either a b)) where
+  m = Proxy @(Either a b)
+
+-- Some other nonsensical instance types
+
+instance 42
+instance Int -> Int


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240a.stderr
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+T18240a.hs:11:11: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:12:15: error: Not in scope: type variable ‘a’
+
+T18240a.hs:14:11: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:17:11: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:18:22: error: Not in scope: type variable ‘a’
+
+T18240a.hs:20:21: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:21:24: error: Not in scope: type variable ‘b’
+
+T18240a.hs:23:19: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:28:10: error:
+    Illegal head of an instance declaration: ‘42’
+      Instance heads must be of the form
+        C ty_1 ... ty_n
+      where ‘C’ is a class
+    In an instance declaration
+
+T18240a.hs:29:10: error:
+    Illegal head of an instance declaration: ‘Int -> Int’
+      Instance heads must be of the form
+        C ty_1 ... ty_n
+      where ‘C’ is a class
+    In an instance declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240b.hs
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveAnyClass #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE DerivingVia #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ExplicitForAll #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
+module T18240b where
+
+import Data.Proxy
+
+data T a b
+
+class W x y z
+instance W x y (T a b)
+
+newtype Foo a b = MkFoo (T a b)
+deriving via (forall x. T x y)           instance W x y (Foo a b)
+deriving via forall x. forall y. T x y   instance W x y (Foo a b)
+deriving via forall x. (forall y. T x y) instance W x y (Foo a b)
+
+class C1 x
+class C2 x y z
+
+data Bar = MkBar
+  deriving anyclass ( C1
+                    , (forall x. C2 x y)
+                    , forall x. forall y. C2 x y
+                    , forall x. (forall y. C2 x y)
+                    )


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T18240b.stderr
=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+T18240b.hs:17:15: error:
+    ‘via’ type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In a deriving declaration
+
+T18240b.hs:18:24: error:
+    ‘via’ type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In a deriving declaration
+
+T18240b.hs:19:25: error:
+    ‘via’ type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In a deriving declaration
+
+T18240b.hs:26:24: error:
+    Derived class type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In the data type declaration for ‘Bar’
+
+T18240b.hs:27:33: error:
+    Derived class type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In the data type declaration for ‘Bar’
+
+T18240b.hs:28:34: error:
+    Derived class type cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In the data type declaration for ‘Bar’


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/T5951.stderr
=====================================
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 
-T5951.hs:8:8: error:
-    Illegal class instance: ‘A => B => C’
-      Class instances must be of the form
-        context => C ty_1 ... ty_n
-      where ‘C’ is a class
+T5951.hs:9:8: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration


=====================================
testsuite/tests/rename/should_fail/all.T
=====================================
@@ -154,3 +154,5 @@ test('T14548', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T16610', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T17593', normal, compile_fail, [''])
 test('T18145', normal, compile_fail, [''])
+test('T18240a', normal, compile_fail, [''])
+test('T18240b', normal, compile_fail, [''])


=====================================
testsuite/tests/typecheck/should_fail/T16394.stderr
=====================================
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-T16394.hs:6:10: error:
-    Illegal class instance: ‘C a => C b => C (a, b)’
-      Class instances must be of the form
-        context => C ty_1 ... ty_n
-      where ‘C’ is a class
+
+T16394.hs:6:17: error:
+    Instance head cannot contain nested ‘forall’s or contexts
+    In an instance declaration



View it on GitLab: https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/compare/050d1bd99ecda8b46ebb2f2c808a3f286298687c...85310fb83fdb7d7294bd453026102fc42000bf14

-- 
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