[Hs-Generics] Re: Syb Renovations? Issues with Data.Generics

[Claus Reinke]

>> That is the whole point, isn't it? The Data framework isn't designed
>> to cope with things like (a->b) or (IO a), so there are no good instances 
>> one could define for these types
> 
> OK, I think I've missed your point then. 

I don't seem to have explained it well - I wouldn't expect so much
opposition otherwise!-) Perhaps, some concrete code examples will
help (see below).

> I don't see a benefit to moving the instances to their own module, which
> outweighs the downsides, in my opinion.

To recap: I'm suggesting to 

- split the existing Data.Generics.Instances into 
    Data.Generics.Instances.Standard
    Data.Generics.Instances.Dubious

- provide Data.Generics.Alt, which is Data.Generics without
    Data.Generics.Instances.Dubious

> How do they "get in the way"? Do you mean the typechecker doesn't tell
> you which instances you need to define by hand, because deriving worked?

Okay, I've cobbled together a package with my various code fragments,
for discussion purposes only:

http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/~cr3/tmp/syb/syb-utils-0.0.2008.7.30.tar.gz

If you install that, and then try examples/Examples.hs, once as it
is and once with -DALT, you will directly see the difference between
the status quo and my suggested alternative: the former gives a mixture
of happily working code, runtime errors and silently wrong results, the 
latter gives compiletime type errors for those examples that would 
otherwise go haywire by defaulting to use non-standard instances 
(tested with ghci 6.9.20080514, code & output below *).

Does that help?
Claus

* you have to try the two alternatives in different ghc invocations, because
    of a long-standing ghc session bug that accumulates instances over all 
    modules seen.

-------------------------------------------- example code
{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
-- {-# OPTIONS_GHC -DALT #-}

import Data.Generics.Utils

#ifdef ALT
import Data.Generics.Alt -- compiletime type errors
#else
import Data.Generics     -- runtime errors, wrong results
#endif

import qualified Control.Exception as CE(catch)

-------------------------------- examples

test = do

  putStrLn "-- traverseData examples"
  print $ traverseData (Just . not) tuple
  print $ traverseData (Just . not) list
  traverseData print tuple >>= print
  traverseData print list >>= print
  print $ traverseData id [ Just x | x <- [1..3::Integer] ]
  print $ traverseData id [ [1..3], [4..6::Integer] ]

  putStrLn "-- fmapData examples"
  print $ fmapData not tuple
  print $ fmapData not list

  putStrLn "-- fmapData (a->b) (IO a) examples"
  safely (print $ map (($True) . fmapData not) ([]::[Bool->Bool]))
  safely (mapM (fmapData not) ([]::[IO Bool]) >>= print)
  safely (print $ map (($True) . fmapData not) ([const True]::[Bool->Bool]))
  safely (mapM (fmapData not) ([return True]::[IO Bool]) >>= print)

  putStrLn "-- everywhere over inconsistent instances examples"
  print $   everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: Maybe Integer)
  print $   everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: []    Integer)
  print =<< everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: IO    Integer)
  print $   everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: (->) () Integer) ()

  where inc   = (+1) :: Integer -> Integer
        tuple = (True,True)
        list  = [True,True]
        safely m = CE.catch m (putStrLn . ("exception: "++) . show)

-------------------------------------------- example output

$ ghc -e test Examples.hs
-- traverseData examples
Just (True,False)
Just [False,False]
True
(True,())
True
True
[(),()]
Just [1,2,3]
[[1,4],[1,5],[1,6],[2,4],[2,5],[2,6],[3,4],[3,5],[3,6]]
-- fmapData examples
(True,False)
[False,False]
-- fmapData (a->b) (IO a) examples
[]
[]
exception: gunfold
exception: gunfold
-- everywhere over inconsistent instances examples
Just 1
[1]
0
0

$ ghc -DALT -e test Examples.hs

Examples.hs:31:33:
    No instances for (Data (Bool -> Bool),
                      Data (Bool -> Data.Generics.Utils.X))
      arising from a use of `fmapData' at Examples.hs:31:33-44
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for
      (Data (Bool -> Bool), Data (Bool -> Data.Generics.Utils.X))
    In the second argument of `(.)', namely `fmapData not'
    In the first argument of `map', namely `(($ True) . fmapData not)'
    In the second argument of `($)', namely
        `map (($ True) . fmapData not) ([] :: [Bool -> Bool])'

Examples.hs:32:16:
    No instances for (Data (IO Bool), Data (IO Data.Generics.Utils.X))
      arising from a use of `fmapData' at Examples.hs:32:16-27
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for
      (Data (IO Bool), Data (IO Data.Generics.Utils.X))
    In the first argument of `mapM', namely `(fmapData not)'
    In the first argument of `(>>=)', namely
        `mapM (fmapData not) ([] :: [IO Bool])'
    In the first argument of `safely', namely
        `(mapM (fmapData not) ([] :: [IO Bool]) >>= print)'

Examples.hs:39:12:
    No instance for (Data (IO Integer))
      arising from a use of `everywhere' at Examples.hs:39:12-59
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Data (IO Integer))
    In the second argument of `(=<<)', namely
        `everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: IO Integer)'
    In a stmt of a 'do' expression:
          print =<< everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: IO Integer)
    In the expression:
        do putStrLn "-- traverseData examples"
             print $ traverseData (Just . not) tuple
             print $ traverseData (Just . not) list
             traverseData print tuple >>= print
           ....

Examples.hs:40:12:
    No instance for (Data (() -> Integer))
      arising from a use of `everywhere' at Examples.hs:40:12-64
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for (Data (() -> Integer))
    In the second argument of `($)', namely
        `everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: (->) () Integer) ()'
    In the expression:
          print $ everywhere (mkT inc) (return 0 :: (->) () Integer) ()
    In the expression:
        do putStrLn "-- traverseData examples"
             print $ traverseData (Just . not) tuple
             print $ traverseData (Just . not) list
             traverseData print tuple >>= print
           ....