[Haskell-beginners] Data.Map, types and debug

[Daniel Fischer]

Am Donnerstag 31 Dezember 2009 12:53:05 schrieb legajid:
> Hi,
> studying IO with files, i got this tutorial program.
> By the way, i discover the Data.Map module.
> Several questions then come to my mind :
> q1: why, in mapM_, make (sort (keys grades)) ? keys is already sorted,
> isn't it?

It is. That is also specified in the documentation, so it's superfluous.
It may be a leftover from earlier versions using a data structure which doesn't guarantee 
to return the keys in ascending order.

> q2: why, in mapM_, have grades twice (in draw then keys).

draw takes two arguments, a Map in which to look up the marks and a key to look up, the 
name of the student. The list of keys over which we want to mapM_ is the list of keys in 
the Map, (keys grades). The function we want to mapM_ is (look up marks of student in the 
Map grades and then output marks and average), that is (draw grades).

> 	I wonder if writing only draw grades, one could then extract the s and g
> parts in the draw function (via keys and elems). From this, i have problems
> with the type of grades; which is it? The insert function, using insertWith
> should give Map k a, but foldr seems to change this (couldn't match
> expected type [Map k a] against inferred type Map [String] a1 on the mapM_
> line .

? I don't understand what you tried to do there.

You can write a function draw1 which takes only a Map as argument so that

draw1 grades

is the same as

mapM_ (draw grades) (keys grades)

> q3: To solve the types problem, I tried to debug : i can get the types for
> s, marks and avg but for g, it says not in scope. How can i get this
> information ?

g is a parameter of draw, so there is no entity g defined outside the definition of draw.
To find the type of g, ask ghci:

*Grades> :t draw
draw
  :: (PrintfArg k, PrintfType t, Ord k) => Map k [Double] -> k -> t

, since g is the first argument of draw, its type is the type to the left of the first 
(top level) '->', namely Map k [Double] 
(I have here ignored the type class constraints on k).

> q4: I also tried to type the parameter in draw (draw (x::Map k a) = ...)
> but i got an error : Illegal signature in pattern
> 	use -XScopedTypeVariables to permit it
> 	Since this parameter is visibly not set by default in ghci, is it a good
> idea to set it ?

If you need it. Here, you can solve the problem with a type signature on draw, e.g.

draw :: Map String [Double] -> String -> IO ()

>
> Thanks and happy new year.

A vous aussi.

> Didier
>
>
>     import Data.Char
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#t:Char
>> import Data.Maybe
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#t:Mayb
>e> import Data.List
>     import Data.Map hiding (map
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:map>
>) import Text.Printf
>
>     main = do
>         src <- readFile
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:read
>File> "grades" let pairs   = map
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:map>
> (split.words
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:word
>s>) (lines
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:line
>s> src) let grades  = foldr
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:fold
>r> insert empty pairs mapM_
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:mapM
>_> (draw grades) (sort (keys grades)) where
>         insert (s, g) = insertWith (++
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:.>)
> s [g] split [name,mark] = (name, read
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:read
>> mark)
>
>     draw g s = printf "%s\t%s\tAverage: %f\n" s (show
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:show
>> marks) avg where
>         marks = findWithDefault (error
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:erro
>r> "No such student") s g avg   = sum
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:sum>
> marks / fromIntegral
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:from
>Integral> (length
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#v:leng
>th> marks) :: Double
> <http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Prelude.html#t:Doub
>le>


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