<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">PS: surely one of the main claims for both OO and FP is</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">reuse and composition. OO tends to do composition by either</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">object-level application (Smalltalk, Ruby, Javascript, Java)</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">or type-level application (Eiffel, Swift, Java, C++).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">not exhaustive lists.<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 11 Mar 2019 at 15:23, Richard O'Keefe <<a href="mailto:raoknz@gmail.com">raoknz@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">Serious question: does Python _have_ encapsulation?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">I know about the single-underscore convention and</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">the double-underscore convention, but even double-</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">underscore attributes and methods can be accessed</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">freely from the outside if you use the class-name</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">prefix. That is, it makes it difficult to breach</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">encapsulation by accident, but it doesn't take the</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">Lock-Picking Lawyer from YouTube to breach</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace">encapsulation on purpose without breaking stride.<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 11 Mar 2019 at 09:29, Dennis Raddle <<a href="mailto:dennis.raddle@gmail.com" target="_blank">dennis.raddle@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>I have a thought about OO vs. functional programming .<br></div><div><br></div><div>I'm moderately experienced with functional languages such as Haskell and Purescript and have used OO for many years at work (Python, C++).</div><div><br></div><div>I'm giving tutoring lessons in Python to a professional who wants to use programming as part of his work. (He's an entrepreneur.) He is eager to understand functional and OO styles within Python--he keeps asking about the real benefit of each, not content with a superficial approach.<br></div><div><br></div><div>I've explained about "encapsulation": gathering related functions together and minimizing coupling to the rest of the program. <br></div><div><br></div><div>He asks "why do we encapsulate?" I've explained that one reason is to help we, the programmers, be confident that our code is correct. <br></div><div><br></div><div>For example, in a class we try to isolate the implementation details from the rest of the program, and the compiler helps enforce that.So when we're writing our code and confirming to ourselves it's correct, we can make simplifying assumptions. We know the rest of the program won't modify our private variables and won't access us in any way other than the interface we've presented to the world.</div><div><br></div><div>I explained that a large program is like a corporation, and pieces of the program are like individual employees. When we write a class or function, in a sense we "become" that employee and "forget about" a lot of the details of other employees. (i.e., encapsulation). <br></div><div><br></div><div>Then has asked why functional programming is helpful. I explained about referential transparency. Say we're a function: then other "employees" (other functions) can trust us with simplifying assumptions, like no side-effects.</div><div><br></div><div>Then this thought occurred to me, which is nifty but maybe not the whole story.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>"""<br></div><div>Say we're a class. Then the simplifying assumptions of OO allow *us* to trust the *rest of the program* won't mess with us.</div><div><br></div><div>Say we're a function. Then the simplifying assumptions of functional style help the *rest of the program* trust that *we* won't mess with it.<br></div><div>"""</div><div><br></div><div>D<br></div><div><br></div></div>
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