<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">It’s coming back to me……my OO brain is trying to tell me to constrain the types….
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> {-# LANGUAGE GADTs, TypeFamilies, TypeOperators, MultiParamTypeClasses, FlexibleInstances, UndecidableInstances, FlexibleContexts #-}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">This works<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> data Next input output where<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End :: Next () ()<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> Next :: (input -> (Next input2 output2)) -> Next input (Next input2 output2)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:teal"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:teal"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Haskell-Cafe [mailto:haskell-cafe-bounces@haskell.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nicholls, Mark<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 10 March 2015 2:54 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Haskell Cafe<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Haskell-cafe] Basic question about recursive data type...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">a long time since I did some Haskell and my brain has reverted to its OO dogma...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> {-# LANGUAGE GADTs, TypeFamilies, TypeOperators, MultiParamTypeClasses, FlexibleInstances, UndecidableInstances, FlexibleContexts
#-}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">consider
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> data Next input output where<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End :: Next () ()<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> Next :: (input -> output) -> Next input output<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">this is a bit like curried function...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I can construct<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> y :: Next Integer (Next String (Next () ()))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> y = Next (\x ->
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> if (x == 1) then<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> Next (\y ->
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> if (y == "s") then<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> else<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> else<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> Next (\y ->
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> if (y == "t") then<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> else<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> End))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">which is a bit like "Integer->String->()"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I can execute it...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> exe :: Next input output -> input -> output<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> exe (Next f) i = f i<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> exe End () = ()<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> p :: Next String (Next () ())<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> p = exe y 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ok....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">but how do I constrain all the outputs to be of type Next?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I don't want this to be valid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> z :: Next Integer Integer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> z = Next (\x -> x + 1)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-left:36.0pt"><br>
<br>
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE<br>
<br>
This e-mail (and any attached files) is confidential and protected by copyright (and other intellectual property rights). If you are not the intended recipient please e-mail the sender and then delete the email and any attached files immediately. Any further
use or dissemination is prohibited.<br>
<br>
While MTV Networks Europe has taken steps to ensure that this email and any attachments are virus free, it is your responsibility to ensure that this message and any attachments are virus free and do not affect your systems / data.<br>
<br>
Communicating by email is not 100% secure and carries risks such as delay, data corruption, non-delivery, wrongful interception and unauthorised amendment. If you communicate with us by e-mail, you acknowledge and assume these risks, and you agree to take appropriate
measures to minimise these risks when e-mailing us.<br>
<br>
MTV Networks International, MTV Networks UK & Ireland, Greenhouse, Nickelodeon Viacom Consumer Products, VBSi, Viacom Brand Solutions International, Be Viacom, Viacom International Media Networks and VIMN and Comedy Central are all trading names of MTV Networks
Europe. MTV Networks Europe is a partnership between MTV Networks Europe Inc. and Viacom Networks Europe Inc. Address for service in Great Britain is 17-29 Hawley Crescent, London, NW1 8TT.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<P><br><br>CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE<br><br>This e-mail (and any attached files) is confidential and protected by copyright (and other intellectual property rights). If you are not the intended recipient please e-mail the sender and then delete the email and any attached files immediately. Any further use or dissemination is prohibited.<br><br>While MTV Networks Europe has taken steps to ensure that this email and any attachments are virus free, it is your responsibility to ensure that this message and any attachments are virus free and do not affect your systems / data.<br><br>Communicating by email is not 100% secure and carries risks such as delay, data corruption, non-delivery, wrongful interception and unauthorised amendment. If you communicate with us by e-mail, you acknowledge and assume these risks, and you agree to take appropriate measures to minimise these risks when e-mailing us.<br><br>MTV Networks International, MTV Networks UK & Ireland, Greenhouse, Nickelodeon Viacom Consumer Products, VBSi, Viacom Brand Solutions International, Be Viacom, Viacom International Media Networks and VIMN and Comedy Central are all trading names of MTV Networks Europe. MTV Networks Europe is a partnership between MTV Networks Europe Inc. and Viacom Networks Europe Inc. Address for service in Great Britain is 17-29 Hawley Crescent, London, NW1 8TT.</P></body>
</html>