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Marge Bot pushed to branch master at <a href="https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc">Glasgow Haskell Compiler / GHC</a>
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Commits:
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<strong style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/commit/cbbfb283dc58f6d582638ee60a96dc5c4b8acc4a">cbbfb283</a></strong>
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<span> by Alex Dixon </span> <i> at 2023-04-07T18:27:45-04:00 </i>
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<pre class="commit-message" style='white-space: pre-wrap; display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fbfafd; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #dcdcde;'>Improve documentation for ($) (#22963)
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<strong style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/commit/5193c2b00194a4f536f0c31fe48ef4648b55a416">5193c2b0</a></strong>
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<span> by Alex Dixon </span> <i> at 2023-04-07T18:27:45-04:00 </i>
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<pre class="commit-message" style='white-space: pre-wrap; display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fbfafd; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #dcdcde;'>Remove trailing whitespace from ($) commentary
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<strong style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/commit/b384523bab0650ba1e6b09f3c7aa64a92a90fe3b">b384523b</a></strong>
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<span> by Sebastian Graf </span> <i> at 2023-04-07T18:27:45-04:00 </i>
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<pre class="commit-message" style='white-space: pre-wrap; display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fbfafd; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #dcdcde;'>Adjust wording wrt representation polymorphism of ($)</pre>
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1 changed file:
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libraries/base/GHC/Base.hs
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Changes:
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<a href="https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/compare/0c990e13c36b7be7d3bd3af050ad49182a028f21...b384523bab0650ba1e6b09f3c7aa64a92a90fe3b#2755f32886c2656f273820ffb30a84a5a8be7a3a"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">libraries/base/GHC/Base.hs</strong></a>
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<td class="diff-line-num unfold js-unfold old_line" data-linenumber="1606" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">...</td>
<td class="diff-line-num unfold js-unfold new_line" data-linenumber="1606" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">...</td>
<td class="line_content match" style="color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbfafd">@@ -1606,18 +1606,69 @@ flip f x y = f y x</td>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1606" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1606
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1606" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1606
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1606" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- (\x -> undefined x) `seq` () and thus would just evaluate to (), but now</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1607" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1607
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1607" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1607
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1607" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- it is equivalent to undefined `seq` () which diverges.</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1608" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1608
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1608" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1608
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1608" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1609
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1609" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cd" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- | Application operator. This operator is redundant, since ordinary</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1610" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1610
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1610" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- application @(f x)@ means the same as @(f '$' x)@. However, '$' has</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1611" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1611
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1611" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- low, right-associative binding precedence, so it sometimes allows</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1612" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1612
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1612" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- parentheses to be omitted; for example:</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1613" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1613
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1613" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">--</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1614" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1614
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1614" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- > f $ g $ h x = f (g (h x))</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1615" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1615
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1615" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">--</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1616" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1616
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1616" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- It is also useful in higher-order situations, such as @'map' ('$' 0) xs@,</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1617" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1617
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1617" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- or @'Data.List.zipWith' ('$') fs xs@.</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1618" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1618
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1618" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">--</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1619" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
1619
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1619" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- Note that @('$')@ is representation-polymorphic, so that</span></span>
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1620
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num old" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">
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<td class="line_content old" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#fbe9eb"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>-<span id="LC1620" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="c1" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- @foo '$' 4#@ where @foo :: Int# -> Int#@ is well-typed.</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1609" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1609
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1609" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">{- | @($)@ is the __function application__ operator.</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1610" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1610
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1610" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1611" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1611
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1611" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">Applying @($)@ to a function @f@ and an argument @x@ gives the same result as applying @f@ to @x@ directly. The definition is akin to this:</span></span>
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1612
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1612" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1613" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1613
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1613" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1614" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1614
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1614" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">($) :: (a -> b) -> a -> b</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1615" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1615
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1615" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">($) f x = f x</span></span>
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1616
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1616" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1617
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1617" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1618" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1618
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1618" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">On the face of it, this may appear pointless! But it's actually one of the most useful and important operators in Haskell.</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1619" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1619
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1619" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1620" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1620
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1620" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">The order of operations is very different between @($)@ and normal function application. Normal function application has precedence 10 - higher than any operator - and associates to the left. So these two definitions are equivalent:</span></span>
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1621
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1621" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1622" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1622
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1622" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1623" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1623
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1623" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">expr = min 5 1 + 5</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1624" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1624
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1624" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">expr = ((min 5) 1) + 5</span></span>
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1625
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1625" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1626
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1626" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1627" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1627
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1627" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@($)@ has precedence 0 (the lowest) and associates to the right, so these are equivalent:</span></span>
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1628
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1628" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1629
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1629" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1630
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1630" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">expr = min 5 $ 1 + 5</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1631" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1631
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1631" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">expr = (min 5) (1 + 5)</span></span>
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1632
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1632" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1633
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1633" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1634
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1634" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">=== Uses</span></span>
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1635
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1635" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1636" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1636
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1636" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">A common use cases of @($)@ is to avoid parentheses in complex expressions.</span></span>
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1637
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1637" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1638
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1638" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">For example, instead of using nested parentheses in the following</span></span>
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1639
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1639" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;"> Haskell function:</span></span>
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1640
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1640" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1641
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1641" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1642" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1642
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1642" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- | Sum numbers in a string: strSum "100 5 -7" == 98</span></span>
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1643
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1643" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">strSum :: 'String' -> 'Int'</span></span>
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1644
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1644" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">strSum s = 'sum' ('Data.Maybe.mapMaybe' 'Text.Read.readMaybe' ('words' s))</span></span>
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1645
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1645" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1646
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1646" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1647" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1647
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1647" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">we can deploy the function application operator:</span></span>
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1648
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1648" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1649" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1649
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1649" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1650" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1650
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1650" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-- | Sum numbers in a string: strSum "100 5 -7" == 98</span></span>
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1651
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1651" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">strSum :: 'String' -> 'Int'</span></span>
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1652
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1652" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">strSum s = 'sum' '$' 'Data.Maybe.mapMaybe' 'Text.Read.readMaybe' '$' 'words' s</span></span>
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1653
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1653" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1654
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1654" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1655" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1655
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1655" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@($)@ is also used as a section (a partially applied operator), in order to indicate that we wish to apply some yet-unspecified function to a given value. For example, to apply the argument @5@ to a list of functions:</span></span>
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1656
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1656" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1657
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1657" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1658" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1658
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1658" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">applyFive :: [Int]</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1659" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1659
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1659" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">applyFive = map ($ 5) [(+1), (2^)]</span></span>
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1660
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1660" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">>>> [6, 32]</span></span>
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1661
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1661" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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1662
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1662" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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1663
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1663" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">=== Technical Remark (Representation Polymorphism)</span></span>
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1664
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1665" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1665
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1665" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@($)@ is fully representation-polymorphic. This allows it to also be used with arguments of unlifted and even unboxed kinds, such as unboxed integers:</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1666" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1666
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1666" class="line" lang="haskell"></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1621" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1667" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1667
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1667" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1621" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1668" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1668
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1668" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">fastMod :: Int -> Int -> Int</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1669" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1669
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1669" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">fastMod (I# x) (I# m) = I# $ remInt# x m</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1670" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1670
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1670" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">@</span></span>
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num new" data-linenumber="1671" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">
1671
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<td class="line_content new" style="padding: inherit;" bgcolor="#ecfdf0"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'>+<span id="LC1671" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cm" style="color: #998; font-style: italic;">-}</span></span>
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1621
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1672" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1672
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1672" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="cp" style="color: #999; font-weight: 600;">{-# INLINE ($) #-}</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1622" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1622
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1673" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1673
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1673" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">$</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">::</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">forall</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">repa</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">repb</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n" style="color: #333;">a</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">::</span> <span class="kt" style="color: #458; font-weight: 600;">TYPE</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">repa</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n" style="color: #333;">b</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">::</span> <span class="kt" style="color: #458; font-weight: 600;">TYPE</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">repb</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">.</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n" style="color: #333;">a</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">-></span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">-></span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">a</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">-></span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">b</span></span>
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<td class="old_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1623" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1623
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<td class="new_line diff-line-num" data-linenumber="1674" style="width: 35px; color: rgba(31,30,36,0.24); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: #ececef; border-right-style: solid; padding: inherit;" align="right" bgcolor="#fbfafd">
1674
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<td class="line_content" style="padding: inherit;"><pre style='display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #333238; position: relative; font-family: var(--default-mono-font, "Menlo"),"DejaVu Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Consolas","Ubuntu Mono","Courier New","andale mono","lucida console",monospace; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: inherit; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: inherit solid #dcdcde;'> <span id="LC1674" class="line" lang="haskell"><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">$</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">f</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: 600;">=</span> <span class="n" style="color: #333;">f</span></span>
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