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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hello, <br>
      <br>
      I see it. <br>
      <br>
      plusplus [1,2] [3,4] <br>
      plusplus  [1] : plusplus [2] [3,4] <br>
      plusplus [1] :  [2] : plusplus [] [3,4] <br>
      plusplus [1] : [2] : [3,4] <br>
      [1:2:3:4] <br>
      <br>
      I think I need some more practice on this. <br>
      Does anyone know a good exercise ?<br>
      <br>
      Roelof<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      Daniel P. Wright schreef op 13-5-2015 om 9:08:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAP=piQfZ-X7K0Cix+v6SqNZ6Se4JeCt2D_NLswvH4EVsJ1us0w@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Think about what the possible values of "xs" might
        be, and trace through the next call to "plusplus xs ys".
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>It would help if I didn't name the variables stupidly...
          here is a slightly better version:</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>plusplus [] ys = ys</div>
        <div>plusplus (x:xs) ys = x : plusplus xs ys</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>If it helps, try tracing through the steps required to
          evaluate "plusplus [1, 2] [3, 4]" manually (using a pen and
          paper, not on the computer)</div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">2015-05-13 15:55 GMT+09:00 Roelof
          Wobben <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:r.wobben@home.nl" target="_blank">r.wobben@home.nl</a>></span>:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
              <div>Thanks, <br>
                <br>
                So the answer is x and the rest of xs and ys. <br>
                How do x then get added to ys. <br>
                <br>
                Roelof<br>
                <br>
                Daniel P. Wright schreef op 13-5-2015 om 8:52:<br>
              </div>
              <div>
                <div class="h5">
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div dir="ltr">Ah, that's just a small syntactic
                      issue -- in Haskell, operators are infix (go
                      between the arguments) by default, but named
                      functions are not.  So you would have to write it:
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>plusplus [] xs = xs</div>
                      <div>plusplus (x:xs) ys = x : plusplus xs ys</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">2015-05-13 15:39
                        GMT+09:00 Roelof Wobben <span dir="ltr"><<a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:r.wobben@home.nl"
                            target="_blank">r.wobben@home.nl</a>></span>:<br>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0
                          0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                          solid;padding-left:1ex">
                          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                            <div>Thanks, <br>
                              <br>
                              If I re-implement it like this : <br>
                              <span> <br>
                                plusplus :: [a] -> [a] -> [a]<br>
                                plusplus [] (xs) = xs <br>
                              </span> plusplus (x:xs) yx = x : xs
                              plusplus yx<br>
                               <br>
                              main = print $ ["a","b"] plusplus
                              ["c","d"]<br>
                              <br>
                              <br>
                              I see this error appear : <br>
                              <br>
                              <div>src/Main.hs@3:26-3:40 </div>
                              <div><span>Couldn't match expected type
                                  ‘([a0] -> [a0] -> [a0]) ->
                                  [a] -> [a]’ with actual type </span>
                                <div style="font-size:14px">[<span>a</span>]</div>
                                <span> Relevant bindings include yx ::
                                  [a] (bound at
                                  /home/app/isolation-runner-work/projects/112825/session.207/src/src/Main.hs:3:17)



                                  xs :: [a] (bound at
                                  /home/app/isolation-runner-work/projects/112825/session.207/src/src/Main.hs:3:13)



                                  x :: a (bound at
                                  /home/app/isolation-runner-work/projects/112825/session.207/src/src/Main.hs:3:11)



                                  plusplus :: [a] -> [a] -> [a]
                                  (bound at
                                  /home/app/isolation-runner-work/projects/112825/session.207/src/src/Main.hs:2:1)
The


                                  function </span>
                                <div style="font-size:14px"><span>xs</span></div>
                                <span> is applied to two arguments, but
                                  its type </span>
                                <div style="font-size:14px">[<span>a</span>]</div>
                                <span> has none</span><span title="Click
                                  to show/hide extra information"> …<br>
                                  <br>
                                  So for me not a aha moment.  I was
                                  hoping I would get it <br>
                                  <br>
                                  Roelof</span><br>
                              </div>
                              <br>
                              Daniel P. Wright schreef op 13-5-2015 om
                              8:27:<br>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <blockquote type="cite">
                                  <div dir="ltr">Hi Roelof,
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>If you don't consider it
                                      cheating (and I suggest you
                                      shouldn't, having had a stab at
                                      the answers), you will find great
                                      enlightenment looking at how these
                                      functions are *actually*
                                      implemented in the wild.  Did you
                                      know that there is a "source" link
                                      for each function on Hackage?  By
                                      clicking on that, for your first
                                      example, you can compare the
                                      actual implementation of (++) with
                                      your "plusplus" function:</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.8.0.0/docs/src/GHC-Base.html#%2B%2B"
                                        target="_blank">http://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.8.0.0/docs/src/GHC-Base.html#%2B%2B</a><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>(By the way, it's that function
                                      in particular that gave me one of
                                      my first "Aha!" moments in
                                      Haskell... it's quite beautiful in
                                      its simplicity).</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>One thing with viewing the
                                      source on Hackage is that
                                      sometimes it can be a little more
                                      confusing than it needs to be for
                                      the sake of efficiency.  A really
                                      good source for good, readable
                                      examples of Prelude functions in
                                      Haskell is the Haskell Report:</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        href="https://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/standard-prelude.html"
                                        target="_blank">https://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/standard-prelude.html</a></div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>(In this case, though, the
                                      implementation is the same).</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>Having a shot at defining these
                                      library functions yourself, as you
                                      have done, and then comparing your
                                      version with the "official"
                                      version in the prelude is a great
                                      way to learn good style!</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>-Dani. </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                    <div class="gmail_quote">2015-05-13
                                      15:10 GMT+09:00 Roelof Wobben <span
                                        dir="ltr"><<a
                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          href="mailto:r.wobben@home.nl"
                                          target="_blank">r.wobben@home.nl</a>></span>:<br>
                                      <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                        style="margin:0 0 0
                                        .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                                        solid;padding-left:1ex">Hello,<br>
                                        <br>
                                        For practising pattern matching
                                        and recursion I did recreate
                                        some commands of Data,list.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        My re-implementation of ++ :<br>
                                        <br>
                                        plusplus :: [a] -> [a] ->
                                        [a]<br>
                                        plusplus [] [] = [] ;<br>
                                        plusplus [] (xs) = xs<br>
                                        plusplus (xs) [] = xs<br>
                                        plusplus (xs) yx = plusplus'
                                        (reverse xs) yx<br>
                                        <br>
                                        plusplus' :: [a] -> [a] ->
                                        [a]<br>
                                        plusplus' [] (xs) = xs<br>
                                        plusplus' (x:xs) yx = plusplus'
                                        xs (x:yx)<br>
                                        <br>
                                        main = print $ plusplus
                                        ["a","b"] ["c","d"]<br>
                                        <br>
                                        my re-implementation of init :<br>
                                        <br>
                                        import Data.Maybe<br>
                                        <br>
                                        -- | The main entry point.<br>
                                        init' :: [a] -> Maybe [a]<br>
                                        init' [] = Nothing<br>
                                        init' [x] = Just []<br>
                                        init' (x:xs) = Just (x:fromMaybe
                                        xs (init' xs))<br>
                                        <br>
                                        main = print . init' $ [1,3]<br>
                                        <br>
                                        <br>
                                        my re-implementation of last :<br>
                                        <br>
                                        -- | The main entry point.<br>
                                        last' :: [a] -> Maybe a<br>
                                        last' [] = Nothing<br>
                                        last' [x] = Just x<br>
                                        last' (_:xs) = last' xs<br>
                                        <br>
                                        main = print . last' $ []<br>
                                        <br>
                                        Now I wonder if these solutions
                                        are the haskell way ? if not so,
                                        how can I improve them ,<br>
                                        <br>
                                        Roelof<br>
                                        <br>
                                        <br>
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